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ch. 8 med term
ch8 med term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hypothalamus | a part of the brain located below the thalamus that controls many functions, such as body tempurtaure,slep and appetite |
| hyperkinesis | excessive muscluar movement and physical activity, hyperactivity |
| hyperesthesia | excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli;such as pain or touch |
| herpes zoster | an acute infection casued by the same virus that casues chickenox, characterized by painful vesicaular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body |
| hemiparsels | slight or parital paralysis of one half of the body |
| gyrus | one of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrum |
| neurologist | a physicain who specializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system |
| neuroglia | the supporting tissue of the nervous system |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| neuralgia | servere, sharp,spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves |
| nerve block | the injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve or nerves to eliminate sensation to the area supplied by the nerve |
| nerve | a cordlike bundle of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brian and spinal cord to the other parts of the body |
| naracolepsy | uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep |
| myelin sheath | a protective sheath of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body |
| motor nerves | transmitters of nerve impulses away from the CNS |
| midbrain | the uppermost part of the brain stem |
| microglia | small neuroglial cells found in the interstital tissue of the nervous system that engulf celluar debris, wastes products, and pathogens within the nerve tissue |
| meninges | the three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| neurology | the study of the nervous system and its disorders |
| neuron | a nerve cell |
| neurosurgeon | ap hysicain who specializes in surgery of the nervous system |
| neurosugery | any suergery involving the nervos system |
| neurotrasmitter | a chemical substance within the body that activates or inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses |
| occlusion | blockage |
| oligodendrocyte | a type of neuroglial cell found in the interstitial tissue of the nervous system |
| palliative | soothing |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk, usually due to spinal cord injuries |
| parasympathetic nerves | nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions such as slowing the heart rate, increasing peristalsis of the intestines, increasing glanduluar secreations and relaxing sphincters |
| parasympathomimetic | copying or producing the same effects as those of the parasympathetic nerves |
| paresthesia | a sensation of numbness or tingling |
| peripheral nervous system | the part of the nervous system oustide the CNS, consisting of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| shunt | a tube or passage that diverts or redirects body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another |
| shingles | an acute infection casued by the same virus that casues chickenox, characterized by painful vesicaular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve |
| sensory nerves | transmitters of nerve impluses toward the CNS |
| sensory | pertaining to sensation |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve |
| rhizotomy | the surgical resection of a spinal nerbe root |
| receptor | a sensory nerve ending |
| radiculotomy | the surgical resection of a spinal nerve root |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord at the level of teh cervical vertebra |
| pons | the part of the brain located between the medula oblongata and the midbrain |
| plexus | a network of interwoven nerves |
| pineal gland | a small cone-shaped structre thought to be invloved in regulating the body's biological clock and that produces melatonin |
| pineal body | a small cone-shaped structre thought to be invloved in regulating the body's biological clock and that produces melatonin |
| pia meter | the innermost of the three membrane surrounding the brian and spinal cord |
| phagocytosis | the process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris |
| white matter | the part of the nervous system consisting of axons covered with myelin sheath, givinga white apperance |
| whiplash | an injury to the cervical vertebra and their supporting structures due to a sudden back-and-forth jerking movment of the head and neck |
| ventricle, brain | a small hollow within the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
| tonic-clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contraction ot tension followed by relaxation,creating a "jerking" movment of the body |
| thrombosis | an abnomral condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel |
| thalamus | the part of thebrain located between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain |
| syncope | fainting |
| synapse | the space between the end of one nerve and the beginning of another, through which nevre impulses are transmitted |
| symapathomimetic | copying or producing the smae effects as those of the sympatheic nerves |
| sympatheic nerves | nerves of the ANS that regulate essential invlountary body functions such as increasing the heart rate, conscrting blood vessels and raising blood pressure |
| sulcus | a depression or shallow groove on the surface of an organ |
| subdural space | the space located just under the arachoid membrane that contians CSF |
| stupor | a state of lethargy |
| stimulus | any agent or factor capable of intiating a nerve impulse |
| somatic nervous system | the part of the PNS that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions |
Created by:
Courtneey
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