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med term ch8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absence seizure | a small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consicous lasting only a few seconds |
| acetylocholine | a chemical substacne in the body tissues that faciliates the transmissions of nreve impulses from one nerve to another |
| afferent nerves | transmitters of nerve impluses toward the CNS; also known as nerevs |
| agnosia | loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli (sucah as sight,sound,or touch) even through the sensory organs themseleves are funtioining properly |
| agraphia | the inability to convert one's thought into writing |
| aura | the sensation an indivdual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure |
| ataxia | without muscular coordination |
| astrocytoma | a tumor of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes |
| astrocyte | a star-shaped neurogial cell found in the CNS |
| arachnoid membrane | the weblike middle layer of the three membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| apraxia | inability to perform coordinated movements or use pbjects properly |
| aphasia | inability to communicate through speech,writing, or signs, because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain |
| aneurysm | a localized dilatation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery; usually casued by hypertension or arthrosclerosis |
| anesthesia | without feeling or sensation |
| analgesia | without sensitivity to pain |
| alexia | the inability to understand written words |
| cerebral concussion | a brief interruption of brain function, usally with the loss of consicous lasting for a few seconds |
| cerebellum | the part of the brian responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movement; located behind the brain stem |
| cephalalgia | pain in the head; headache |
| central nervous system | one of the two main divisons of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and the spinal cord |
| cell body | the part of the cell that contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| causalgia | a sensation of an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve,sometimes accompained by erythema of the skin |
| cauda equina | the lower end of the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves that occupy the spinal canal below the level of the first lumbar vertebra |
| burr hole | a hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill |
| brudzinski's sign | a positive sign of meningitis, in which there is an involuntary flexion of the arm, hip,and knee when the patients neck is passivley flexed |
| brain stem | the stemlike portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemisphere with the spinal cord |
| bradykinesia | abnormally slow movement |
| blood-brain barrier | a protective charactersitic of the capillary walls of the brain that prevents the passage of harmful substances from the bloodstream into the brain tissue or CSF |
| axon | the part of the nerve cell that transports nereve impluses away from the nerve cell body |
| autonomic nervous system | the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary vital functions of the body, such as activites involving the heart muscles |
| demyelination | destruction or removal of the myelin shealth that covers a nerve or nerve fiber |
| dementia | a progressive irreversible mental disorder in which the person has deteriorating memory,judgement and ability to the think |
| deflict | any deficieny or variation of the normal, as in a weakness deficit resulting from a cerebrovascular accident |
| cranitomy | a surgical incision into the cranium or skull |
| convolution | one of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrume; also called a gyrus |
| contracture | a permanent shortening of a muscle causing a joint to remain in an abnormallyflexed position, with resultant physical deformity |
| comatose | pertains to being in a coma |
| coma | a deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli |
| cheyne-stokes respiration | an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by periods of apena followed by deep rapid breathing |
| cerebrum | the largest and uppermost part of the brain, it controls concisousness,memory,sensations,emotions, and voluntary movements |
| cerebrospinal fluid | the fluid flowing through the brain and around the spinal cord that protects them from physical blow or impact |
| cerebral cortex | the thin outer layer of nerve tissue; known as gray matter, that covers the surface of the cerebrum |
| cerebral contusion | small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain; better described as a "brusie" of the brain tissue occuring when the brain strikes the inner skull |
| gray matter | the part of the nervous system consisting of axons that are not covered with myelin sheath; giving a gray apperance |
| ganglion | a knotlike mass of nerve tissue found outside the brain or spinal cord |
| gait | the style of walking |
| fontanelle or fontanel | a space covered by tough membrane between the bones of an infants cranium; called a "soft spot" |
| fissure | a deep groove on the surface of an organ |
| epilepsy | a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of sudden brief attacks of seizures |
| epidural space | the space immediately ouside the dura mater that contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissuesd |
| embolism | an abnormal condition in which a blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel |
| efferent nerves | transmitters of nerve impulses away from the CNS; also known as motor nerves |
| dysphasia | diffuclt speech |
| dyslexia | a condition characterized by an impairment of the ability to read |
| dura mater | the outermost of the three membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| diplopia | double vision; also called ambiopia |
| diencephalon | the part of the brian located between the cerebrum and the midbrain |
| dendrite | a projection that extends from the nerve cell body |
| medulla oblongata | one of the three parts of the brain stem |
| longitudinal fissure | a deep groove in the middle of the cerebrum that divides the cerebrum into the right and left hemisphere |
| lethargy | a state of being sluggish |
| kinesiology | the study of muscle movement |
| kernig's sign | a diagnostic sign for meningitis marked by the persons inability to extend the leg completely when the thigh is flexed upon the adbomen and the person is sitting or lying down |
| interneurons | connecting nerouns that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to or toward motor nerves |
| echoencephalography | ultrasound used to analyze the intracranial structures of the brain |
| electroencephalography (EEG) | measurment of electrical activity produced by the brain and recoreded through electrodes placed on the scalp |
| lumbar puncture | invloves the insertion of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space, generally between the 3 and 4 lumbar vertebrae below the level of the spinal cord under strict aseptic terchnique |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | is a noninvasive procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony strcutures without the use of radiation |
| myelography | is the indroduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachoid space through a lumbar puncture in order to visualize the spianl cord and vertebral canal through x-ray examination |
| neurectomy | is a neurosurgical procedure to relieve pain in a localized or small area by incision or cranial or peripheral nereves |
| pneumoencephalography | is used to radiographically visualize one of the ventricles or fluid-occupying spaces in the CNS |
| polysomnogram (PSG) | is a sleep study or sleep test that evaluates physical factors affecting sleep |
| postion emission tomography (PET scan) | produces computerized radiographic images of various body structures when radioactive substances are inhaled or injected |
| romberg test | is used to evaluate cerebellar function and balance |
| sterotaxic neurosurgery | is performed on a precise location of an area within the brian that controls specific function(s) and may involve destrcution of brain tissue with various agents such as heat,cold and sclerosing or corrosive fluids |
| sympathectomy | is a surgical procedure used to interrupt a portion of the sympathetic nerve pathway for the purpose of relieving chronic pain |
| tractotmy | involves a craniotomy, through which the anterolateral pathway in the brain stem is surgicall divided in an attempt to relieve pain |
| transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) | is a form of cutaneous stimulation for pain relief that suppiles electrical impulses to the nerve endings of a nerve close to the pain site |
| ventricul/o | ventricle of the heart or brain |
| ton/o | tension, tone |
| thec/o | sheath |
| -sthenia | strength |
| -praxia | perform |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -phasia | speech |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| neur/o | nerve |
| narc/o | sleep |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| -lexia | reading |
| -lepsy | seizure, attack |
| mening.o | meanings |
| kinesi.o | movement |
| -kinesia | movement |
| gli/o | neuroglia or gluey substance |
| esthesii/o | feeling , senesation |
| -esthesia | sensation of feeling |
| encephal/o | brain |
| crani/o | skull, cranium |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| brady- | slow |
| -algia | pain |
| alges/o | sensitivty to pain |
| -algesia | sensetivity to pain |
| an- | without, not |
| a- | without,not |
Created by:
Courtneey
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