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AL 101-chapter 4
Ch. 4 Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| kerat/o | horny tissue, hard |
| onych/o, ungu/o | nail |
| seb/o | sebum (oil) |
| trich/o | hair |
| aut/o | self |
| bi/o | life |
| coni/o | dust |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| heter/o | other |
| myc/o | fungus |
| necr/o | death (cells, body) |
| pachy/o | thick |
| rhytid/o | wrinkles |
| staphyl/o | grapelike clusters |
| strept/o | twisted chains |
| xer/o | dry |
| epi- | on, upon, over |
| intra- | within |
| para- | beside, beyond, around, abnormal |
| per- | through |
| sub- | under, below |
| trans- | through, across, beyond |
| -a | noun suffix, no meaning |
| -coccus (p. -cocci) | berry shaped (form of bacterium) |
| -ectomy | excision or surgical removal |
| -ia | diseased or abnormal state, condition of |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -malacia | softening |
| -opsy | view of, viewing |
| -phagia | eating or swallowing |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhea | flow, discharge |
| -tome | instrument used to cut |
| integumentary system | composed of the skin, nails, and glands |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin |
| keratin | Horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein. It is contained in the hair, skin, and nails. |
| melanin | color, or pigmentation, of the skin |
| dermis | inner layer of skin (also called the TRUE SKIN) |
| sudoriferous (sweat) glands | tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat |
| sebaceous glands | secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis |
| hair | compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers |
| nails | originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the LUNULA, or MOON. |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermatoconiosis | abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust |
| dermatofibroma | fibrous tumor of the skin |
| hidradenitis | inflammation of a sweat gland |
| leiodermia | condition of smooth skin |
| onychocryptosis | abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called INGROWN NAIL) |
| onychomalacia | softening of the nails |
| onychomycosis | abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails |
| onychophagia | eating the nails (nail biting) |
| pachyderma | thickening of the skin |
| paronychia | diseased state around the nail |
| seborrhea | discharge of sebum |
| trichomycosis | abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| abrasion | scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury |
| abscess | localized collection of pus |
| acne | inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles |
| actinic keratosis | a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma. |
| albinism | congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes |
| basal cell carcinoma (BCC) | epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. It seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure. |
| candidiasis | an infection of the skin, mouth (also called THRUSH), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus, Candida albicans. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. |
| carbuncle | skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria |
| cellulitis | inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection, leading to redness, swelling, and fever |
| contusion | injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (also called a BRUISE) |
| eczema | noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching |
| fissure | slit or cracklike sore in the skin |
| furuncle | painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria n a hair follicle (also called a BOIL) |
| gangrene | death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (a form of necrosis) |
| herpes | inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. (Herpes simplex=fever blisters, herpes zoster=shingles) |
| impetigo | superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and cuased by either staphylococci or streptococci. |
| Kaposi sarcoma | a cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs. Frequently seen w/AIDS. |
| lesion | any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors. |
| pediculosis | invasion into the skin and hair by lice |
| psoriasis | chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales |
| rosacea | chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years. Also called ACNE ROSACEA. |
| scabies | skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing in the outer layer of the skin & laying eggs. This is accompanied by severe itching. |
| scleroderma | a disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs. |
| shingles | development of painful, inflamed blisters that follow the nerve routes; caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox (also called HERPES ZOSTER) |
| squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA) | a malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, there is a significant potential for metastasis. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight. |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, & nervous system. This autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission & exacerbations. It also may affect other organs. |
| tinea | fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair & nails. Infections are classified by body regions, such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body), & tinea pedis (foot)=ATHLETE'S FOOT. Tinea is also known as RINGWORM. |
| urticaria | an itching skin eruption composed of wheals of varying size & shape. It is usually related to an allergy (also called HIVES). |
| biopsy (bx) | view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope). |
| dermatoautoplasty | surgical repair using one's own skin (skin graft). Also called AUTOGRAFT. |
| dermatoheteroplasty | surgical repair using skin from others (skin graft). Also called ALLOGRAFT. |
| dermatome | instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts) |
| dermatoplasty | surgical repair of the skin |
| onychectomy | excision of a nail |
| rhytidectomy | excision of wrinkles (also called FACELIFT) |
| rhytidoplasty | surgical repair of wrinkles |
| excisional biopsy | removes the entire lesion along with a margin of surrounding tissue |
| punch biopsy | removes a cylindrical portion of tissue with a specifically designed round knife |
| shave biopsy | removes a sample of tissue with a cut parallel to the surrounding skin |
| cauterization | destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called CAUTERY) |
| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen |
| debridement | removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound |
| dermabrasion | procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper |
| excision | removal by cutting |
| incision | surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument |
| incision and drainage (I&D) | surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity |
| laser surgery | procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue |
| Mohs surgery | technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers |
| suturing | to stitch edges of a wound surgically |
| dermatologist | a physician who studies & treats skin (diseases) |
| dermatology (derm) | study of the skin (a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis & treatment of skin diseases) |
| epidermal | pertaining to upon the skin |
| erythroderma | red skin (abnormal redness of the skin) |
| hypodermic | pertaining to under the skin |
| intradermal (ID) | pertaining to within the skin |
| keratogenic | originating in horny tissue |
| leukoderma | white skin (less color than normal) |
| necrosis | abnormal condition of death (cells & tissue die because of disease) |
| percutaneous | pertaining to through the skin |
| staphylococcus (pl. is STAPHYLOCOCCI) also known as STAPH | berry-shaped (bacteria) in grapelike clusters (these bacteria cause many skin diseases) |
| streptococcus (pl. is STREPTOCOCCI) also known as STREP | berry-shaped (bacteria) in twisted chains |
| subcutaneous (subcut) | pertaining to under the skin |
| transdermal (TD) | pertaining to through the skin |
| ungual | pertaining to the nail |
| xanthoderma | yellow skin (also called JAUNDICE) |
| MRSA (methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus) | a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin & other antibiotics. |
| adipose | fat, fatty |
| allergy | hypersensitivity to a substance |
| alopecia | loss of hair |
| bacteria (s. bacterium) | single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue |
| cicatrix | scar |
| cyst | a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material |
| cytomegalovirus (CMV) | a herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| ecchymosis | escape of blood into the tissues, causing superficial discoloration; a "black & blue" mark (also called a bruise) |
| edema | puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid |
| emollient | agent that softens or smooths the skin |
| erythema | redness |
| fungus (pl. fungi) | organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings & may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding; multicelled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation |
| induration | abnormal hard spot(s) |
| jaundice | condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin (also called xanthoderma) |
| keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue |
| leukoplakia | condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous |
| macule | flat, colored spot on the skin |
| nevus (pl. nevi) | circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored. A congenital nevus is present at birth & is referred to as a birthmark (also called a mole). |
| nodule | a small knotlike mass that can be felt by touch |
| pallor | paleness |
| papule | small, solid skin elevation (also called a pimple) |
| petechia (pl. petechiae) | a pinpoint skin hemorrhage |
| pressure ulcer (decub) | eroded sore on the skin caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bed-ridden patients. (Also called a decubitus ulcer or bed sore.) |
| pruritus | severe itching |
| purpura | disorder characterized by hemorrhages into the tissue, giving the skin a purple-red discoloration |
| pustule | elevation of skin containing pus |
| ulcer | eroded sore on the skin or mucous membrane |
| verruca | circumscribed cutaneous elevation cuased by a virus (also called a wart) |
| vesicle | small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid (also called blister) |
| virus | minute microorganism, much smaller than bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; may cause infection by invading body tissue |
| wheal | transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria (hive) lesion |
Created by:
wututor
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