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My Skeletal System
chapter 3 - intro to medicine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compact bone | dense, hard, very strong protective outer layer of bone. |
| spongy bone | Lighter, not at strong as compact bone. commonly found in ends & inner portion on long bones. [contain red bone marrow] |
| Red Bone marrow | located in spongy layer of bone, is hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells. |
| Yellow Bone marrow | functions as a fat storage area, composed of mostly fat cells. Located in madullary cavity. |
| Cartilage | smooth, rubbery, tough connective tissue which act as shock absorbers between bones. |
| diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone. |
| epiphysis | covered with articular cartilage. Wide end of a long bone. |
| Foramen | Opening in bones where blood, nerves, & blood vessels pass through. |
| synovial joint | contain a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid. created where two bones come together. |
| Ball & socket joints | allow large range of movement in many directions. [hip & shoulder] |
| Hinge joints | move one way. [knee & elbow] |
| Axial Skeleton | includes the skull, vertebral column, & rib cage. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | includes arms & legs. makes body movement possible. |
| Frontal bone | forehead. |
| Parietal bones [2] | forms roof & upper sides of skull. |
| Occipital bones | forms posterior floor & walls of skull. |
| Temporal bones | forms sides & base of cranium. [temples] |
| Sphenoid bone | forms part of base of the skull & floor of the eyeball socket. |
| Ethmoid bone | forms part of the posterior portion of the nose & orbit. |
| Nasal bones | form upper part of bridge of nose. |
| Zygomatic bones | Cheek bones. |
| Maxillary bones | form upper jaw. |
| Lacrimal bones | form inner eye. |
| Palatine bones | form part of hard palate of mouth and nose. |
| inferior conchae | interior nasal septum. base for it. |
| mandible | lower jaw. |
| Temporomandibular joint [TMJ] | where jaw is attached to the skull. |
| 1st set of ribs | 7 pairs. called true ribs. |
| 2nd set of ribs | 3 pairs. called false ribs. |
| 3rd set of ribs | 2 pairs. floating ribs. |
| sternum | breastbone, located in middle of ribs. |
| manubrium | bony structure at top of breastbone. |
| Body of sternum | middle part. |
| xiphoid process | made of cartilage at bottom of sternum. |
| shoulders | pectoral girdle that supports arms & hands. |
| clavical | collar bone. |
| scapula | shoulder blade. |
| humerous | bone of upper arm. |
| Radius | smaller shorter bone of arm [thumb side] |
| Ulna | larger bone in forearm. |
| carpals | 8 bones that form wrist. |
| metacarpals | 5 bones that form palms. |
| Phalanges | 14 bones that make up fingers. |
| cervical vertebrae | [c1-c7] 1st set of 7 vertebrae that form neck |
| thoracic vertebrae | [t1-t12] 2nd set of 12 vertebrae that form chest & rib cage. |
| lumbar vertebrae | [L1-L5] 3rd set of 5 vertebrae that form lower back. |
| sacral vertebrae | [5 fused vertebrae] slightly curved triangle bone at base of spine. |
| coccyx | tail bone. |
| Pelvic Girdle | supports legs. |
| Ilium | broad blade shaped bone that forms back of pelvis. |
| Ischium | forms lower posterior of pubic bone. |
| pubis | anterior if pubic bone. below bladder. |
| Sacroiliac [SI] joint | slightly movable articulation between the sacrum & Ilium. |
| Acetabulum | hip socket. |
| Femur | thigh bone. largest in body. |
| patella | knee cap. |
| tibia | shin. larger weight bearing bone on anterior of leg. |
| fubula | lateral lower small leg bone. |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| talus | ankle bone that articulates with tibia & fibula. |
| calcaneus | heel bone. |
| metatarsals | arch of foot. |
| Phalanges | bones of toes. |
| chiropractor | specializes in the manipulation treatment of the spine. |
| orthopedic surgeon | specializes in diagnosing & treating diseases & disorders in bones, joints, & muscles. |
| osteopathic physician | specializes in health problems by spine manipulation. |
| podiatrist | diagnosis & treatment of foot. |
| ankylosis | the loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure. |
| chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage. |
| dislocation | total displacement of bone from joint. |
| subluxation | partial displacement of bone from joint. |
| arthritis | inflammation of one or more joints. |
| Osteoarthritis | wear & tear arthritis caused by aging. |
| Gouty Arthritis | deposit of uric acid in joints. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints & organs are attacked. |
| Herniated disk | slipped or ruptured disk. caused by pressure on nerve roots. |
| lumbago | lower back pain. |
| spina bifida | congenital defect, occurs in early pregnancy when the spinal canal doesn't close completely around spinal chord to protect it. |
| Kyphosis | hump back. abnormal increase in the outward cure of thoracic spine. [aging] |
| Lordosis | sway back. increased forward curve of lumbar spine. |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral or sideways curve of spine. |
| fibrous dysplasia | bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure & replaces it with scar like tissue. leads to uneven bone growth, brittleness, & deformity of bones. |
| Ostalgia | pain in bone. |
| Osteitis | inflammation of bone. |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone marrow & adjacent bone. |
| short stature | dwarfism. |
| talipes | club foot. |
| primary bone cancer | rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone. |
| Ewing's sarcoma | tumor that occurs in the bones up the upper arms, legs, pelvis, or ribs. age 10-20. |
| compression fracture | occurs when bones are pressed together on itself. |
| closed fracture | [simple] bone is broken but no open wound. |
| open fracture | [compound] bone is broken through the skin. |
| comminuted fracture | bone is splintered & or crushed. |
| greenstick fracture | incomplete. bone is bent & partially broken. |
| spiral fracture | bone has been twisted apart. |
| stress fracture | overuse injury. small crack develops from chronic excessive impact. |
| transverse fracture | fracture straight across bone. |
| radiograph | x-ray. use of x radiation to visualize bone fractures & other formalities. |
| Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] | used to image soft tissue. such as interior complex of joints. |
| dual x-ray absorptiometry | low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine & hips to measure body density. |
| Bone marrow transplant | used to treat certain types of cancer. |
| Allogenic bone marrow transplant | use of healthy bone marrow cells form compatible donor. |
| autologous bone marrow transplant | patient receives their own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated & stored. |
| Orthotic | mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace, splint designed to control, correct, and compensate for impaired bone. |
| prosthesis | substitute for a diseased or missing body part such as a leg that had been amputated. |
| arthrodesis | surgical ankylosis; surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen joints. performed to treat severe arthritis or damaged joint. |
| arthrolysis | surgical loosening of ankylosed joint. |
| chondroplasty | surgical repair of damaged cartilage. |
| arthroplasty | surgical repair of damaged joints. or surgical placement of artificial joint. |
| closed reduction treatment | manipulation; the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture. |
| open reduction treatment | surgical procedure to realign bone when closed reduction isn't partial. |
| external fixation | fracture treatment where pins are placed through soft tissue & bone so an external appliance can be used to hold pieces together. removed later on. |
| internal fixation | pins are placed in bone & are not removed. |
Created by:
heather21604
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