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Human Geo. Ch.6
AP Human Geography Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 3 types of religion | universalizing, ethnic, traditional/tribal |
| a religion that attempts to be ___________ , to appeal to ______________ wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location | global; all people |
| what are 3 universalizing religion | Christianity, Buddhism, Islam |
| universalizing religions are divided in to __________, _____________ or ____________ | branches, denominations, or sects |
| universalizing religions are ________________ throughout the world | widely distributed |
| a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated | ethnic religion |
| where are ethnic religions mostly distributed | middle east, India, and Asia |
| ethnic religions that are practiced by small, local cultural groups, typically blended religions that combine belief system of the ethnic group, tribe, or village with animism and possibly a forced religion | traditional (tribal) religion |
| belief everything has a spirit | animism |
| _____________ has many tribal religions being practiced, most show syncretism | Indonesia |
| Christianity origin: founded upon the teachings of ____________________ | Jesus Christ |
| what is the belief of Christianity | Jesus died on a cross in Jerusalem to atone for the sins of mankind, raised from the dead by God |
| what are the 3 denominations/ branches of Christianity | Roman Catholic, Christian (Eastern) Orthodox, Protestant |
| what is the holy book of Chrsitianity | Bible |
| why is there no no architectural style of churches | many denominations |
| how do Christians dispose of the dead | bury in a cemetery |
| what branch of Christianity is a hierarchical religion | Roman Catholic Church |
| missionaries carried the teachings of Jesus to different places | relocation diffusion |
| spread widely through the Roman Empire | contagious diffusion |
| the empire's elite accepted Christianity in the 4th century, including Emperor Constantine; later kings and queens of Europe would enforce Christianity as the state religion | hierarchical diffusion |
| what kind of religion is Islam | universalizing |
| is Islam monotheistic or polytheistic | monotheistic |
| what were the branches of Islam formed from | disagreement in succession |
| what are the beliefs of Islam | 5 pillars |
| what does Islam believe Jihad is | a religious struggle-some suggest that Muslims should engage in holy war others believe it is an internal strugle |
| how is Islam primarily diffused | conquest |
| what 3 regions did the Islamic army take over | Africa, Asia, Europe |
| when Islam took over what did they often convert Christian buildings into | mosques |
| when the Islamic armies took over Christian buildings and turned them into Mosques, what is this an example of | sequent occupancy |
| where do most sects of Islam come from | disagreement of who should be the leader after the death of Muhammad |
| what kind of Muslims make up 83% of world's muslims | Sunni |
| what kind of Muslims are mostly in Iran, large groups in Pakistan and Iraq and are much stricter in their interpretation | Shia (Shiite) |
| what is the holy book of Islam and what language is it written in | Quaran and written in Arabic |
| what is the holy site of Islam | Mecca |
| how many inhabitants does Mecca have | 1.3 million |
| what is in Mecca that is also holy | Ka'ba |
| cube structure encased in silk at the Great Mosque and contains the black stone given to Abraham by Gabriel as a sign of the covenant with Ishmael and the Muslim people | Ka'ba |
| what Islamic holy site also has 1.3 million inhabitants and contains Muhammad's tomb | Medina |
| what Islamic holy site is where Muslims believe that Muhammed was taken into heaven by Allah | Jerusalem |
| where do Muslims worship | mosque |
| what makes most mosque look similar to one another | minarets- balconies to call people to prayer |
| moral code and religious law of Islam | Shria Law |
| why are there different interpretations Shria Law | the way it is enforced |
| Islam is the _______________ growing religion in the world | fastest |
| how does Islam get rid of dead bodies | burial- cremation is forbidden |
| what does Buddha mean | awakened or enlightened one |
| what do Buddhist believe in | Four Noble Truths |
| what are the 4 Noble Truths | -all living beings must endure suffering -suffering leads to reincarnation -goal of existence is to reach Nirvana -Nirvana is attained through the 8 fold path |
| Asoka, emperor of he Magadan Empire around 250 | hierarchical diffusion of Buddhism |
| merchants spread to China | relocation diffusion of Buddhism |
| holy book of Buddhism | Tipitaka |
| how many branches/ sects does Buddhism have | 3 |
| what are the 3 branches/sects of Buddhism | mahayana, theravada, tanrayana |
| location where the relics of great Buddhist teachers are housed | stupas |
| what shape are stupas | mound like |
| place of worship that is intricately decorated | temple |
| prominent and visually attractive element of the Buddhist landscape found in Southeast Asia | pagodas |
| what is the Buddhist holy site where Buddha attained enlightenment called | Bodh Gaya |
| where did Buddhism begin | India |
| where is Buddhism most commonly practiced | East Asian Countries |
| Buddhism________require you to stop your own religion if you want to follow Buddhism | does not |
| life's natural law | Dharma |
| who does Judaism come from | Abraham |
| what was the name of the son that God promised Abraham and Sarah would have | Isaac |
| is Judaism monotheistic or polytheistic | monotheistic |
| Judaism is the 1st _______________________ religion recorded | montheistic |
| Jews believe they are the ___________________ because God selected them to live according to God's ethical and moral principles (The Ten Commandments) | "chosen people" |
| unlike most ethnic religions, Judaism is practiced in ________________, not just its place of origin | many countries |
| the Romans forced the Jews to dispersed after they unsuccessfully rebelled against the Roman Empire, migrated to Europe | Diaspora |
| WWII- 6 million Jews die as a result of _________________; survivors of the Holocaust would migrate to _________________ | Nazi rule; Israel |
| 100 years ago 90% of world's Jews live in ____________________ now _______________ of world's Jews live in Europe | Europe; 15% |
| what did Judaism spread because of | forced migration |
| holy book of Judaism | Torah (first 5 books of Old Testament) |
| rock of Abraham's sacrifice; Solomon's Temple, The Western Wall | Jerusalem |
| where do Jews worship | synagogues |
| where are there large populations of Jews | Israel and Northeast United States |
| why is Judaism scattered throughout the world | forced relocation |
| how many laws are in the Torah | 613 |
| what kind of religion is Hinduism and is it mono or polytheistic | ethnic; polytheistic |
| what is the origin of Hinduism | existed prior to recorded history; cant find a trace back to specific founder |
| belief of Hinduism: up to the __________________ to decide the best way to worship god | individual |
| what are the 4 paths to knowing god in Hinduism | path of knowledge, path of renunciation, path of devotion, path of action |
| you can pursue your own path, follow your own convictions, as long as you are in harmony with _____________ | nature |
| as an ethnic religion, Hindu does not demand that followers _____________________ | spread their faith |
| Hinduism is concentrated in one specific area and _______________________ | has not diffused |
| no real theological ____________; Hindu's can have an allegiance to a _____________ | divisions; particular god |
| worships the god Vishnu (a loving god incarnated as Krishna); makes up 70% | Vaishnavism |
| dedicated to Siva ( a protective and destructive god) about 26% | Sivaism |
| form of worship dedicated to the female consorts of Vishnu and Siva | Shaktism |
| the theme of spiritual oneness between the one ultimate ______________, known as Brahma, and the soul, or atman, is mandated | reality |
| in accordance, everything in the world is an _________________, merely a part of Brahma, praised as Creator | illusion |
| is there an holy book of Buddhism | no one official book |
| Hinduism's sacred texts | vedas |
| Hinduism's holy sites are closely tied to ___________________ of India | physical geography |
| Hindu holy site: receive purification by bathing in holy rivers; holiest river because it springs from the hair of Siva | Ganges River |
| Hindu holy site: source of the Ganges in the Himalayas, holy because Siva lives there | Mount Kailas |
| Hindu religious functions take place at ________________ | home |
| ____________________ are built for particular gods | shrines |
| temples are built to house shrines for gods but not for _______________ | congregational worship |
| what is the 3rd largest religion in the world | Hinduism |
| where are 97% of all Hindus found and where can the remaining 3% be found | India; Nepal |
| a social hierarchy which divides people into different social classes | caste system |
| outcasts, they are not part of the Hindu caste system | untouchables |
| who was Confucius | philosopher and teacher whose sayings were recorded by his students- origin of Confucianism |
| what was the belief of Confucianism | correct behavior was most important |
| what are the ethical principles to be followed according to Confucianism | 1-following traditions 2-fulfilling obligation 3-treating others with sympathy and respect |
| where is Confucianism practiced | China |
| what is the origin of Daoism | Lao-Zi's writings |
| belief of Daoism: emphasized mystical and magical aspects of life rather than the ________________ | importance of public service |
| what does "dao" mean | path |
| belief of Daoism: only by ______________________ of daily activities, and _____________________ can one achieve harmony with the principles of the universe | avoidance; introspections |
| sects of Daoism: split into many, some embracing elements of __________________ | magic |
| where is Daoism practiced | illegally in China and legally in Taiwan |
| what is the origin of Shintoism | ancient Japan |
| how was Shintoism passed down | orally-no written text until 5th AD |
| main belief of Shintoism: forces of _____________ are divine | nature |
| belief of Shintoism: eventually deceased ________________ and ______________________ became more significant than forces of nature | emperors;ancestors |
| Shintoism: after losing WWII Emperor Hirohito renounced his _________________ | divinity |
| today Shintoism is no longer official state religion but still _______________ in Japan | thrives |
| holy sites of Shintosim | 80,000 shrines housing deities |
| Jewish claims that Israel is their rightful land | Zionism |
| location of traditional or tribal religions | Africa |
| belief of traditional or tribal religions | inanimate objects such as plants and stones have spirits and conscious life |
| little is known about tribal African religions because there are very few _____________, religious practices are mostly passed down through _______________________ | texts; word of mouth and tradition |
| why is animism and tribal religions declining in Africa | globalization and diffusion |
| shamanism: holds a particular ____________, the shaman, as the one with special _______________________ | person; healing or magical powers |
| secular means that something is _____________ | not religious |
| secularism: rejection of all ______________ | religious beliefs |
| secularism: spreading rapidly in certain areas of the world such as ___________________ | Europe |
| believes there is something | agnostic |
| belief there is no God | atheist |
| what could explain the trend towards secularism | religion was created to explain things we couldn't understand but now that we have technology we can understand and explain more things |
| government policies can be seen as promoting social change that conflicts with traditional religious values | religion vs government |
| what are some examples of religion vs government in the United States | -legalizing gay marriage -abortion -taking Jesus out of public schools |
| affected Muslims in the attempts of government to ______________ the economies several Islamic countries | modernize |
| what are the 4 types of religious conflict | religion vs government; religion vs communism; religion vs social change; religion vs religion |
| Czar made ________________ an official religion of Russia | Orthodox Church |
| ________________ pursued anti-religious policies | communist |
| what did the Vietnam War destroy | Buddhist shrines |
| communist governments ___________________ religious activites | discourage |
| LCDs can be exposed to values and beliefs originating in MDCs due to _______________ | globalization |
| banning of "western" things | television and movies |
| ________________________ of non-Islamic activities or religious sites | elimination |
| Hinduism vs Social Equality | caste system |
| due to the resurgence of fundamentalism caused __________ | religious wars |
| strict adherence of religion | fundamentalism |
| __________________ North Ireland vs ________________ Republic of Ireland | Protestant; Catholic |
| ____________ vs _______________ in Israel/Palestine | Jew; Muslims |
Created by:
dancer2024
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