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ch.14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crusades | series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy land from their Muslim Rulers |
| Holy Land | region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, considered holy by Jews, Christians and Muslims |
| Pope Urban II | Roman Catholic Pope from 1088 to 1099; he called on Christians to launch the First Crusade |
| Saladin | Muslim Sultan and Hero; he came paigned to drive the Christians from the Holy Land |
| Richard-the-Lionhearted | King of England from 1189 to 1199; he fought the Holy land against Saladin during the Third Crusade |
| Hanseatic League | an organization of north-German cities and towns that organized and controlled trade throughout northern Europe from the 1200s through the 1400s |
| credit | an arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agree to pay it back over time |
| guilds | association of people who worked at the same craft or trade during the Middle Ages |
| apprentice | a person who learns a skill under a master of the trade |
| Journeyman | a skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of the guild |
| Gothic | a style of church architecture developed during the 1100s characterized by tall spires and tall buttress |
| flying buttress | an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls |
| illumination | the process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs |
| Hildegard of Bingen | Medieval nun and author; she wrote many poems and music to accompany them |
| troubadours | traveling singers who entertained people during the Middle Ages |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet;he wrote The Canterbury Tales, 23 stories of pilgrims assembled at the Tabard Inn in SouthWark |
| Dante Alighieri | Italian Poet and Humanist; He was the author of The Divine Comedy, one of the greatest literary classics |
| Thomas Aquinas | Italian philosopher and theologian; he argued that rational thought could be used to support Roman Catholic belief |
| Scholasticism | in the Middle ages the theological and philosophical school of thought that attempted to reconcile faith and reason |
| hersey | an opinion that goes against the teaching of the church |
| Inquisition | the institution of the Roman Catholic church that soupht to eliminate heresy by seeking out and puiching heretics; especially active in spain |
| friars | members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders; first prominent on the Europe of the late middle ages; unlike monks friars preached in towns |
| Hundred Years´ War | war fought between France and England for the French throne |
| Joan of Arc | French soldier and national heroine; she rallied the French troops during the Hundred Years´ War and was burned at the stake for hersey |
| Wars of the Roses | civil war for the English crown between the York and Lancaster families |
| Henry VII | King of England; he was the first king from the house of Tudor; his defeat of Richard III and his assumption of the throne marked the end of the War of the Roses and a beginning of a new era in England´s history |
| Black Death | a terrible outbreak of the bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning from 1387 |
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patriciacruz
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