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Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total number of arable land |
| Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area |
| Census | A complete enumeration of a population |
| Crude birth rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society |
| Crude death rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society |
| Demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of of natural increase, and higher population |
| Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics |
| Dependency ratio | The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force |
| Doubling time | The number of years needed to double population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase |
| Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| Elderly support ratio | The number of working-age people divided by the number of persons 65 and older |
| Epidemiology | The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality |
| Industrial revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed in the process of manufacturing goods |
| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1000 live births in a society |
| Life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live |
| Maternal mortality rate | The annual number of female deaths per 100000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management |
| Medical revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries; medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of deaths in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer, healthier lives |
| Natural increase rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate |
| Overpopulation | A situation in which the number of people living in the area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living |
| Pandemic | A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high portion of the population |
| Physiological density | The number of people per unit of arable land |
| Population pyramid | A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex |
| Sex ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population |
| Total fertility rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years |
| Zero population growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero |
Created by:
Yedani
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