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Global Vocab '18-'19
Term | Definition |
---|---|
argument | an explanation for an opinion that uses evidence to support it |
evidence | information that can be used for a specific purpose |
audience | the person or group of people that a message is for |
author | person or group who created a source |
claim | an opinion supported by evidence |
endure | last for a long time |
enduring issue | a challenge or problem that has been debated or discussed across time |
history | an account of the past constructed from evidence |
limitation | something that prevents something; restriction |
purpose | why something was created; reason why something was done |
point of view | an opinion, a claim |
primary source | materials from the time period being studied |
significant | important |
secondary source | sources based on the work of other authors. A source created after the time of the event |
source | something historians use to learn about the past |
peninsula | a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides |
isthmus | a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses |
strait | a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water |
plateau | a large area of flat land that is elevated high above sea level |
bay | a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward |
gulf | a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land, with a narrow mouth |
archipelago | a group of islands |
glacier | a slow moving mass of ice |
cape | part of an island chain that sticks out into the ocean |
latitude | distance north or south of the equator |
longitute | distance east or west of the equator |
hemisphere | half of the earth |
compass rose | a drawing that shows the orientation of north, south, east, and west on a map |
equator | an imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole |
prime meridian | 0 degrees longitude |
physical map | a map that shows geographic features |
political map | a map that shows boundaries, countries, cities, etc |
5 Themes of Geography | location, place, human environment interaction, movement, and regions |
hunting and gathering | killing animals and collecting fruits, vegetables and nuts for food |
settlements | newly established places where people have come to live |
revolution | a very great change from things in the past |
adapt | to change |
agriculture | farming |
nomad | a person who moves from place to place |
river valley | able to produce good crops |
culture | beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people |
social classes | grouping people based on wealth, religion, ethnicity, etc |
urban | relating to a city |
nomadic | moving from place to place with no permanent home |
crops | plants grown for a farm |
domesticate | to tame; to bring plants or animals under human control |
paleolithic | old stone age |
sedentary | living in a fixed location |
irrigation | supplying water to crops |
cultural diffusion | the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another |
neolithic | new stone age |
subsistence farming | farming only enough food to feed one's family |
Code of Hammurabi | the first written laws |
civilization | an advanced state of development of a society |
fertile crescent | Mesopotamia; the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
city-state | an independent state made up of a city and the land around it |
cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets |
Epic of Gilgamesh | a poem from ancient Mesopotamia, one of the earliest surviving major works of literature |
Euphrates River | a river in eastern Turkey and Iraq. It joins the Tigris River |
Hammurabi | Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC) |
Tigris River | a river in Turkey and Iraq that joins the Euphrates River |
ziggurat | a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians |
empire | a group of once separate areas ruled by a single person or government |
geographic features | naturally occurring landform, body of water, or ecosystem |
unify | to bring together as a single unit |
government | the group of people that has power to make laws and important decisions for a community, state, or nation |
dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family or group |
achievement | an outstanding thing done successfully typically by effort, courage, or skill |
wealth | a lot of valuable possessions or money |
collapse | to break down, or become weak |
invade | to enter like an enemy |
belief system | a set of ideas and practices that help explain the origins of life, what happens after people die, and how to live a good life |
trade | to exchange goods and services for another |
power | the ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or what happens |
Polytheism | there are many gods |
Hinduism | polytheistic religion that was formed from a variety of different religious practices in India |
Caste | a social class determined by how one lived in a previous life |
Caste System | a rigid class system in Hinduism |
Bhagavad Gita | a Hindu holy book that explains Hindu beliefs |
Rig Veda | religious Hindu texts |
Reincarnation | the rebirth of the soul after death |
Enlightenment/ Nirvana/ Moksha | the state of release from reincarnation |
Karma | the sum of a person's actions |
Dharma | one's duty according to their caste |
Buddhism | belief system founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India |
Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism |
Eightfold Path | the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering in Buddhism |
Four Noble Truths | Buddhist belief that life is suffering, what causes suffering, and how to end suffering |
Silk Roads | a network of trade routes that stretched from China to the Mediterranean Sea |
Golden Age | period of great wealth, prosperity, stability, and cultural and scientific achievement |