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ch.13
Term | Definition |
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Charlemagne | King of the franks form 786 to 814; he united much of France, Germany and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned emperor of the roman people in 800 |
Papal States | territories in central Italy controlled by the pope from 756 to 1870 |
counts | title of nobility; in Charlemagne´s empire, chosen official who ruled parts of the empire in his name |
navigation | the guidance of ships from place to place |
sagas | long stories, written in the early 1200s about great Icelandic heroes and events |
Leif Eriksson | Norwegian explorer; he led a group of viking to north america and settled on the eastern shore of modern day Canada |
Knights | in mid evil Europe, nobles who were members of a lord´s heavily armored calvary |
fief | a grant of land from a lord to a vassal |
vassal | in medieval Europe, a person granted land from a lord in return for services |
feudal system | a political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance and other services |
fealty | the loyalty owed by a vassal to his feudal lord |
manorial system | an economic system in the middle ages that that was built around large estates called manors |
serfs | peasants who were legally bond to their owners land |
Alfred the Great | king of Wessex from 871 to 899; he defeated danish invaders and untied Anglosaxon England under hi control. H compiled a code of law and promoted learning |
William the conqueror | King of England from 1060 to 1087; he was a powerful french noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England |
Domesday Book | the written record of English landowners and their property by order of William the conqueror in 1085 to 1086 |
Eleanor of Aquitaine | Queen of France and England; she was one of the most powerful women in Europe during the middle ages |
Magna Carta | a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights, and restricted the Kings power |
Parliment | the governing body of England |
Hugh Capet | King of France from 987 to 996; elected by Frankish nobles to succeed King Louis V, he founded the Capetian dynasty, which ruled France for 300 years |
Otto the great | King of Germany and holy roman emperor; he defeated the Magyar army, which ended the Magyar raids in the mid-9000s |
Reconquista | the effort of christian leader to drive Muslims out of Spain; occurring between the 1100s and 1492 |
peity | devotion to one´s religion |
pontificate | papal term in office |
Pope Gregory VII | Roman catholic pope; his assertion of church power to appoint bishops led him into conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who claimed the powers for himself. Gregory excommunicated Henry who relented |
Henry IV | King of France from 1586 to 1610; He issued the Edict of Nantes, which permitted protestant worship, in order to restore peace in France |