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ch.9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bedouins | Small groups of nomadic people in Arabia |
| Muhammad | prophet of Islam whom Muslims recognize as Allah´s messenger to all humankind. His teachings form the basis of Islam |
| hegira | Mohammad´s journey from Mecca to Medina |
| Islam | A monotheistic whose prophet Muhammad and whose holy book is the Qur´an; the term means ¨achieving peace through surrender to god¨ |
| Muslims | followers of Islam |
| Qur´an | the sacred text of Islam |
| Five Pillars of Islam | behaviors and obligations that are common to all Muslims, which include the five daily prayers, the giving of alms, the requirement to fast, and the journey to Mecca, or the Hajj |
| mosque | a building for Muslim Prayer |
| jihad | "struggle for the faith¨; can be thought of as an individual or communal struggle; as the latter, the term embraces notions of defending the Muslim community and holy war |
| Abu Bakr | first Muslim caliph; as a close companion and successor of Muhammad, he unified the restive Bedouin tribes of central Arabia into a strong fighting force that he led into Iraq and Syria |
| caliph | ¨Successor of the Prophet¨; title given to the political and religious leader of Muslims |
| caliphate | area ruled by a caliph |
| Umayyad | first ruling dynasty over the Muslim caliphate |
| Sunnis | ¨ people who follow the Sunna (way of the prophet)¨;the largest branch of Islam; the believers accepted the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad |
| Shia | a branch of Islams whose adherents believe that the caliphate must go to a descendant of Muhammad particularly a member of the family of Ali |
| Sufis | a branch of Islam emphasizing a personal, mystical connection with god |
| Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained te unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished |
| Harun al-Rashid | Fifth Abbasid caliph ( ruled 786 to 809); under his rule; teh Abbasid dynasty reached its height and Islamic culture reached a flowering |
| astrolabe | an instrument used to determine the position of heavenly bodies |
| Ibn Rushd | Spanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith |
| Ibn Sina | Persian philosopher and physician ; also known as Avicenna; noted as a medical scholar, he contribute to other field of study |
| Ibn Khaldun | Muslim writer; he wrote the Muqaddimah, which traced the history of the Muslim world |
| calligraphy | the art of fine hand writing |
| minarets | towers attached to the outside of a mosque, from where a crier calls Muslims to worship |
| Rumi | Persian poet; he was a Sufi mystic an founded a Sufi order whose members use music and dancing in their rituals. His poems are still read by many today |
| Omar Khayyam | Persian poet, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher; author of The Rubaiyat, a collection of poems about a man who celebrate the simple pleasures of life |
Created by:
patriciacruz
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