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APHG Population
Unit 2 Chapter 2 Population
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area |
Census | A complete enumeration of a population |
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society |
Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people alive in a society |
Demographic Transition | The process of change in a society's population as a combination of medical advances and economic development, affecting a population's desire and ability to control its own birth and death rates |
Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics |
Dependency ratio | The number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people in the workforce |
Doubling Time | The number of years it takes for an area's population to double |
Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
Epidemiological transition | The a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. Explains how countries' population change. |
Epidemiology | The branch of medical science that is concerned with identifying, fighting, and preventing disease. |
Family Planning | The practice of controlling the number and frequency of children conceived usually through the use of contraception or voluntary sterilization. |
Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and drastically altered society |
Infant Mortality Rate | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old per 1000 live births in a society |
Life Expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, medical, and economic conditions. |
Medical Revolution | Medical technology from Europe and North America that was used to eliminate many diseases in the developing world |
Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate (NIR=CBR-CDR) |
One Child Policy | Chinese policy used to control population growth which began in the 1980's and restricted families to having only one child. |
Overpopulation | A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living |
Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. |
Physiological Density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture |
Population Composition | Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education |
Population Density | A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land |
Population Distribution | Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live |
Population Pyramid | A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex |
Sex ratio | The ratio of men to women |
Standard of living | Goods and services and their distribution within a population |
Sterilization | Any process that eliminates a person's ability to produce children |
Thomas Malthus | (1766-1834) An English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in food production, which would lead to widespread famine and disease. |
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years. |
Zero population growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. |