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ch.5
Term | Definition |
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polis | a city-state of ancient Greece |
acropolis | a walled, high area surrounding a polis |
agora | an open area that served as a meeting place and market in early Greek city-states |
helots | in ancient Greece, state slaves |
hoplites | foot soldiers in ancient Greece |
hubris | great pride |
democracy | a government run by the people |
salon | gatherings inn which intellectual and political ideas were exchanged during the Enlightment |
tyrant | a strong man who seized power buy force and claimed to rule the good of the people |
Cleisthenes | Ancient Greek ruler often called the father of democracy¨ He increases the size of the council that governed Athens tribes on a geographical rather than a familial basis |
direct democracy | a type pf government where all people vote directly on an issue |
archon | a chief of state of ancient Athens |
plalanx | a military formation composed of rows of soldier standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes or heavy spears |
Pericles | Athenian Statesman;he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-states power |
Socrates | Greek Philosopher of Athens;his teaching style was based on asking questions.He wanted people to question their own beliefs.He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority |
Plato | Greek philosopher;a student of Socrates he started a school in Athens called the Academy.In The Republic he describes an ideal society run by philosopher-kings |
Aristotle | Greek philosopher and student of Plato;he taught that logic was the only tool for any necessary inquiry;his work later became the basis for midievil scholasticism |
reason | clear and ordered thinking |
logic | the process of making inferences |
Homer | Greek poet,he wrote the epic poems that Iliad and the Odyssey.which tells stories set during and after the Trojan war |
lyric poem | A type of poetry that gained its name form the lyre,which is an instrument that was played while the poem was sung |
Herodotus | Greek historian ;his most famous work is The histories,which describes major events of the Persian wars |
Thucydides | Greek historian of Athens;he wrote The History of The Peloponnese War.He is regarded as the first critical historian and is often ranked as the greatest historian of antiquity |
Alexander the Great | King of Macedon and conquer of much if Asia;He is considered one of the greatest generals of all time |
Hellenistic | the blending of Greek culture with those of Persia,Egypt ,and central Asia following the conquest of Alexander The Great |
Euclid | Greek geometer ;he created practical books on geometric forms and mathematics. His work formed the basis for later European studies in geometry |
Eratosthenes | Greek astronomer and geographer;he calculated the circumference of the globe using careful observation and simple geometry |
Archimedes | Greek mathematician and inventor;he is known for is work in geometry,physics,and mechanics |