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APHG Unit II Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Density | The number of farmers on a section of arable land. |
| Anti-Natalist Policies | Government policies that discourage couples from having children |
| Arable | Farmable |
| Arithmetic Density | The number of total people on a section of land. |
| Asylum | Moving to another country in hopes of being recognized as a refugee |
| Baby boom | A period of high birth rates, usually occurring after wars |
| Baby bust | A period of lower birth rates, usually occurs after a baby boom. |
| Birth deficit | Term for when the crude death rate exceeds the crude birth rate |
| Brain drain | The most talented and capable individuals leave a country |
| Carrying capacity | The amount of people the land is capable of sustaining |
| Census | An official count of a country's population |
| Chain migration | Process where immigrants follow their friends or family to another place |
| Cohort | A population group distinguished by a certain characteristic |
| Counter Migration | The return of migrants to their country of origin |
| Crude Birth Rate | The number of live births in a year per 1,000 people. |
| Crude Death Rate | The number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people. |
| Demographic Transition | A model that describes population change over time |
| Demography | The study of populations and people |
| Dependent population | Nonworking people age 0-14 and over 65 |
| Dependency ratio | Ratio of nonworking population versus the working population |
| Distance decay | When something moves further from the source, the connection weakens |
| Doubling time | The amount of time it takes for a population to double |
| Echo | A period of high birth rates that occurs when children from a baby boom reach childbearing age |
| Ecumene | The land on earth in which people live |
| Emigrants | People who leave a country |
| Epidemiologic transition | Causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition |
| Epidemiology | The study of diseases |
| Expansive population pyramid | A population pyramid with a wide base, signalling a high number of births in a country |
| Forced migration | Involuntary migration, usually caused by wars, political persecution, or natural disasters |
| Gravity Model of Migration | A model that measures the interactions of cities or countries with regards to migration. Large cities attract high numbers of people. Small cities attract small numbers |
| Immigrants | People who move into a country |
| Industrial Revolution | Period between 1760 and 1820 marked by rapid improvements in technology and the processing of goods |
| Infant Mortality Rate | Total numbers of deaths of children under 1 year of age in a population |
| Internally Displaced Person | Someone who is forced to leave their home, but stays within their country of residence |
| Intervening obstacles | Any force that limits human migration |
| Life expectancy | The average amount of years a person is expected to live |
| Malthusian Theory | Idea that the world's population will grow faster than the food supply, leading to famine and shortages of food |
| Medical Revolution | Advances in medical technology that led to drop in crude death rate. Begun in Europe and North America and later diffused to Africa, South America, and Asia |
| Midlatitudes | Area from 30-60 degrees north and south of the Equator, known for mild climates and good soil |
| Migration | A permanent move to a new location |
| Natural Increase Rate | Percentage by which the population grows in a year |
| Neo-Malthusians | People concerned that the planet will run out of materials (fossil fuels, etc.). They no longer believe the earth will run out of food. |
| Overpopulation | A situation in which there are too many people and not enough resources in a given area |
| Pandemic | Outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide |
| Physiological Density | Number of people per unit of arable land |
| Population Distribution | Where people are located in a given area |
| Population Density | How crowded a given area is |
| Population Pyramid | Method for measuring the age and sex of a given population |
| Potential Workforce | People from 15-64 in a country's population, expected to be society's labor force |
| Pro-Natalist Policies | Laws in a country that encourage people to have more children |
| Pull Factors | Things that make people want to move into a country |
| Push Factors | Things that make people want to move out of a country |
| Ravenstein's Laws of Migration | A theory of migration that says migrants usually move short distances, migration goes step by step, migrants who move far will move to cities, and each migration current produces a counter-current |
| Refugees | People forced to move from their country of residence to another country |
| Remittances | Money migrants send back to their country of origin |
| Return Migration | Migrants voluntarily move back to their country of origin |
| Sex ratio | The number of men versus women in a given area |
| Stationary Population Pyramid | A population pyramid with a narrow base, signalling lower birth rates and a low natural increase rate |
| Step Migration | Migration that follows a series of stages |
| Total Fertility Rate | The number of children a women is expected to have in her lifetime |
| Voluntary Migration | Someone moves to another place because they choose to |
| Xenophobia | Fear or dislike of foreigners |
| Zero Population Growth | Term for when the population of a country stops growing and the natural increase rate is 0% |
Created by:
trisjohnson
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