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Electric and Machine
Esthetics chs 7 and 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electricity | a form of energy that in motion has magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects; a flow of electrons |
| Electric current | the flow of electricity along a conductor |
| Conductor | any substance that transmits electricity |
| Nonconductor | insulator |
| Insulator | any substance that does not easily transmit electricity |
| Conductor example | copper |
| Insulator example | rubber or silk |
| Complete circuit | the path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source |
| Direct current (DC) definition | a constant, even-flowing current that travels one way only and produces a chemical reaction |
| Alternating current (AC) definition | a rapid, interrupted current that travels one way then the opposite way and produces a mechanical reaction |
| Direct current (DC) example | has a battery |
| Alternating current (AC) example | plugs into a wall outlet |
| Converter | an apparatus that changes DC to AC |
| Rectifier | an apparatus that changes AC to DC |
| UL abbreviates | Underwriters Laboratory |
| UL symbol on appliance | certifies safety when used according to manufacturers' directions |
| Volt (V) | unit that measures the force pushing the electron flow through a conductor |
| Amp (A) | unit that measures the strength of an electric current (number of electrons flowing through a wire) |
| Ohm (O) | unit that measures the resistance of an electric current |
| Watt (W) | unit that measures the amount of electric energy in use per second |
| Facial treatment current | measured in milliamperes |
| Milliampere | one-thousandth of an ampere |
| Kilowatt (K) | 1000 watts; electricity is measured in kilowatt hours (kwh) |
| Plug | prong connector after an electric cord that connects an apparatus to an electrical outlet |
| Jack | plug-in device used to make electrical contact |
| Polarity changer | switch that reverses with the direction of the current from positive to negative and vice versa |
| Rheostat | control that regulates current strength |
| Milliampere meter | device to measure electric current flow rate |
| Fuse | device preventing excessive current from passing through a circuit |
| Circuit breaker | switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first sign of an overload |
| Grounding | "live" connection supplies current while ground connection completes circuit and carries current safely away |
| Plug with one prong larger than other | prevents electrical shock in case of short circuit |
| Plug with third prong | has additional ground in case first ground fails or is improperly connected |
| Twisted electrical cord | can cause a short circuit |
| Electrotherapy | electric facial treatments |
| Wall plate | instrument that plugs into a wall outlet and makes different types of electric currents used for facial and scalp treatments |
| Modalities | electric currents used in facial and scalp treatments |
| Electrode | applicator for directing electric current from the machine to the client's skin |
| Polarity | the negative or positive pole of an electric current |
| Anode | positive electrode, red and marked with a P or + |
| Cathode | negative electrode, black and marked with an N or - |
| Four main modalities | galvanic, faradic, sinusoidal, and Tesla high-frequency |
| Galvanic current | constant and DC, with a positive and negative pole that produces chemical changes |
| Active electrode | electrode used on the area to be treated |
| Inactive electrode | opposite pole of the active electrode |
| produces acidic reactions(Galvanic) | anode |
| produces alkaline reactions(Galvanic) | cathode |
| closes pores(Galvanic) | anode |
| opens pores(Galvanic) | cathode |
| soothes nerves(Galvanic) | anode |
| stimulates and irritates nerves(Galvanic) | cathode |
| decreases blood supply(Galvanic) | anode |
| increases blood supply(Galvanic) | cathode |
| contracts blood vessels(Galvanic) | anode |
| expands blood vessels(Galvanic) | cathode |
| hardens and firms tissues(Galvanic) | anode |
| softens tissues(Galvanic) | cathode |
| Iontophoresis | ionization |
| Ionization | process introducing water-soluble products into the skin via electric current |
| Cataphoresis | forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues via galvanic current from the positive to the negative pole |
| Anaphoresis | forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative to the positive pole |
| Desincrustation | disincrustation |
| Disincrustation | process to soften and emulsify oil and blackheads in hair follicles |
| Faradic current | alternating and interrupted current producing mechanical contractions to tone facial mms without a chemical effect |
| Sinusoidal current | alternating current producing mechanical contractions to tone facial mms |
| Sinusoidal versus faradic | greater stimulation, deeper penetration, less irritating |
| Tesla high-frequency | thermal current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration |
| Tesla high-frequency aka | violet ray |
| Tesla electrode | made of glass or metal and only need one |
| Tesla effects | can be stimulating or soothing but no mm contractions |
| High-frequency effects | can be stimulating or soothing but no mm contractions |
| Contraindications for modalities | broken capillaries, pustular acne, high blood pressure, contact with metal |
| High-frequency application | direct surface and indirect |
| Direct surface application (THF) | hold with finger to prevent sparking when applying and removing, remove finger once electrode is on client's skin |
| Sparking (THF) | dab electrode to help disinfect and heal |
| Indirect application (THF) | client holds electrode and current is turned on, massage client's face, turn off current, remove electrode |
| Light therapy | treatment via light rays |
| Visible light | visible electromagentic radiation |
| Electromagnetic radiation | carries energy through space on waves |
| Wavelength | distance between two successive peaks |
| Wavelength and frequency | indirect relationship |
| Natural sunlight | 35 percent visible, 5 percent UV, 60 percent infrared |
| Visible spectrum wavelengths | shortest violet to longest red |
| Therapeutic lamps | used to produce artificial light rays in the salon |
| UV rays aka | cold or actinic rays |
| White light | combination light or all visible rays of spectrum |
| Blue light | only for bare oily skin |
| Red light | for dry skin with oils and creams |
| Loupe | magnifying lamp |
| Diopters | powers of magnification of the magnifying lamps |
| Eyepads | to protect client from the bright light |
| Wood's lamp | filtered black light used in a dark room to illuminate fungi, bacterial disorders, pigmentation problems, and other skin problems |
| White fluorescence under Wood's lamp | thick corneum layer |
| White spots under Wood's lamp | horny layer of dead skin cells |
| Blue-white under Wood's lamp | normal healthy skin |
| Light violet under Wood's lamp | dehydrated |
| Yellow or pink under Wood's lamp | oily areas/comedones |
| Brown under Wood's lamp | pigmentation problems |
| Rotary brush purpose | exfoliate and cleanse |
| Rotary brush use | cleanse skin, start brush at forehead, continuing down face in horizontal sections down to the neck, letting the brush do the work |
| Rotary brush maintenance | immerse in hospital-stregth disinfectant, dry and store in a closed container |
| Vacuum machine functions | suction dirt and impurities from the skin and reduce appearance of creases |
| Steam benefits | increases circulation, softens sebum and debris, relaxes skin and tissues, oxygenates skin |
| Steam treatment time | 6-10 min; 1-5 holistically |
| High-frequency current | alternating or sinusoidal |
| High-frequency | 60,000 to 200,000 Hertz, no polarity and no chemical changes |
| High-frequency benefits | antiseptic, increases circulation, oxygenates skin, increase cell metabolism, coagulates and heals lesions by sparking, relaxes |
| High-frequency in facial | after extractions |
| High-frequency electrodes | pink, orange or red from neon gas OR blue or violet from argon or rarified gas |
| Galvanic disincrustation | anaphoresis to create a chemical reaction to emulsify sebum and debris |
| Galvanic iontophoresis | cataphoresis or anaphoresis to create an ionic reaction to penectrate ions of applied solution |
| Iontophoresis | client holds electrode with opposite polarity from product |
| Microcurrent | causes visible muscle contraction treating conditions like Bell's Palsy and stroke paralysis |
Created by:
selfstudy08
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