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H&P chest and lungs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does the diaphragm do in respiration | moves down and increases thoracic space in inspiration |
| what do the internal intercostals do in respiration | decrease transverse chest diameter in expiration |
| what do the external intercostals do in respiration | increase anteroposterior chest diameter in inspiration |
| what are the inspiratory muscles | diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, and SCM |
| what are the expiratory muscles | internal intercostals, rectus abdominus |
| the right lung | has 3 lobes and is higher than the left (b/c of the liver) |
| the left lung | has 2 lobes and a lingula |
| at what level is the apex of each lung located | above the 1st rib |
| how long is the trachea | 10 cm |
| the right main bronchus is | wider, shorter, and more vertical (and branches into 3 segments) |
| what divides the respiratory tract into upper and lower | trachea |
| vessels, nerves, and the bronchi enter the lung through the | hilum |
| ventilation | exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli |
| diffusion | exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in capillaries |
| circulation | transport of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic circulation |
| what symptoms would prompt a thorough exam of the chest and lungs | cough, SOB/difficulty breathing, chest pain |
| what is orthopnea | difficulty breathing when supine |
| WOB | work of breathing |
| what do you look for in the initial survey of chest and lungs | respiratory rate, WOB, retractions, using accessory muscles, cyanosis (lips, nails), and stridor or wheezing |
| stridor is | an upper airway sound (narrowing)high pitchedusually inspiratory |
| wheezing is | a lower airway soundhigh pitchedusually expiratory |
| decreased fremitus could indicate | emphysema, pulmonary edema |
| increased fremitus could indicate | consolidation, solid mass |
| crepitus is caused by | air in the subcutaneous tissue |
| friction rub is | palpable, grating vibration |
| expected finding for percussion on the posterior chest | resonance- loud intensity with low pitch |
| how many areas of auscultation and percussion on posterior chest | 14 areas (7 on each side), do symmetrically |
| 3 adventitious or extra breath sounds | crackles (rales), rhonchii, wheezes |
| crackles | discontinuous, inspiration, not cleared by coughing |
| rhonchii | continuous, fog horn or snoring sound, clear with coughing |
| wheezes | continuous, high pitched (tea kettle), heard bilaterally in asthma and unilaterally in aspiration of a foreign body |
| egophony | E heard as A |
| bronchophony | 99 sounds loud and clear |
| pectoriloquy | whipered sounds are clear |
| how many locations of percussion and auscultation on anterior chest | 12 (6 on each side) |
| "normal" diaphragmatic excursion is | 3-5 cm |
Created by:
gls8377
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