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Chapter 11
Special Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when drawing a blood alcholol specimen, it is acceptable to clean the arm with | benzalkonium |
| which of the following is the most critical part of blood culture collection | antisepsis of the collection site |
| TDM peak concentration may be defined as the | highest conentration of the drug during a dosing interval |
| in performing a glucose tolerance test, the fasting specimen is drawn at 08:15 hours and the patient finishes the glucose beverage at 08:20 hours. when should the 1-hour specimen be collected | 09:20 |
| what color is the stopper of a CTAD tube, for what type of test is it used and why | Lt blue, coagulation; to inhibit platelet activation |
| removing a unit of blood from a patient and not replacing it is used as a treatment for | polycythemia |
| which of the following test may require special chain-of -custody documentation when the specimen is collected | drug screen |
| what type of specimen is needed for a guaiac test | feces |
| which of the following test must have a 9:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant in the collection tube | protime |
| which of the following test are collected in a trace-element-free tube | aluminum |
| common chemistry test performed by POCT instruments include | Na and K |
| which of the following is a test that measures packed cell volume | Hct |
| AABB | american association of blood banks organizaion that sets guide lines for blood doner centers |
| ACT | activated clotting time |
| anaerobic | without air |
| aerobic | with air |
| ARD | antimicrobial removal decice; contains a resin that removes antimirobials from the blood |
| autologous | blood that is donated for one's own use |
| BAC | blood alcohol contcentration |
| bacteremia | bacteria in the blood |
| BNP | b-type natriuretic peptide (to much fluid in the heart); cardiac hormone produced by te heart in response to congestive heart failure |
| chain of custody | special protocol for forensic specimen collections |
| compatibility | blood suitability to be mixed for a doner |
| CRP | C-reactive protein is a b-globulin found in the blood that responds to inflamation and can therefore be used as a sensitive though nonspecific marker of systemic inflamation disorders |
| EQC | instrument which can detect problems with the specimen(i.e. clotting, short samples, air bubbles) |
| ETOH | ethanol (blood alcohol test) |
| FAN | fastiddious antimicrobial neutralization bottles contain activated charcoal |
| FUO | fever of unknown origin |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test; used to diagnose problems of carbohydrate metabolism, typically collected 30min, 1h, 2hr, 3hr, and so on after the glucose beverage |
| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin; hormone produced by the placenta that appears in both urine and serum approximately 10 days after conception |
| hyperglycemia | blood glucose levels are increased |
| hypoglycemia | blood glucose levels are decreased |
| hyperkalemia | increased potassium levels |
| hypokalemia | decreased potassium levels |
| hypernatremia | increased sodium levels |
| hyponatremia | decreased sodium levels |
| hypoxemia | low level of oxygen in the blood |
| iCa2+ | ionized calcium (accounts for approximately 45% of the calcium in the blood) |
| INR | international normalized ratio (test on whole blood from a fingerstick to provide timely laboratory results) |
| K+ | potassium (is the primarily concentrated within the cells, very little found in the bones and blood) |
| lactate | a form of lactic acid that is used as a marker of the severity of metabolic acidosis and a patients stress response |
| lookback | program to trace blood unit components to doner |
| lysis | rupturing , as in the bursting of red blood cells |
| NIDA | national institude on drug abuse |
| peak level | drug level collected when the highest |
| POCT | point of care testing; altenate site testing(AST) bedside, or near patient testing |
| PP | postprandial (after a meal) |
| septicemia | microorganisms or their toxins in the blood |
| TDM | theraputic drug monitering; testing of drug levels at specific intervals to help establish a drug dosage to avoid drug toxicity |
| TGC | tight glycemic index; intensive insulin therapy for glucose control |
| Tnl | troponin I; protien specific to hear muscel levels rise within 3 to 6 hours and return to normal in 5 to 10 days |
| TnT | troponin L; heart muscel protien that rise within 4hrs of onset and may stay elevated 14 days |
| trough level | drug level collected when the lowest serum concentration of the drug is expected, usualy prior to administration of the next sheduled dose |
| the fasting specimen for a GTT is drrawn | befor the test has actually begun |
| which of the following tube additive is preferred for the collection of a blood culture specimen | sodium polyanethol sulfonate |
| TDM through concentration may be defined as the | lowest concentration of the drug in the tissue |
| in performing a glucose tolerance test, the fast-ing specimen is drawn at 6:15 am and the patient finishes the glucose drink at 6:30 am. when should the 2hr specimen be collected | 8:30 |
| typical labeling requirements for a blood blank specimen include | patient's date of birth and date and time of collection |
| withdrawing a unit of blood from a patient for therapeutic purposes is used as a treatment for | polycythemia |
| during a GTT, which of the following is acceptabel | allowing the patient to drink water at any time during the test |
| a stool specimen is needed for the ______ test | guaiac |
| for what purpose is the oral glucose challenge test used | to screen for gestational diabetes |
| autologous donation is performed to | avoide a transfusion reaction |
| glycosylated hemoglobin is performed to monitor the effectiveness of therapy in which of the following conditions | diabetes |
| prior to performing a test on a POCT instrument the phlebotomist should | be able to operate the instrument correctly be familiar with the instrument's maintenance procedures understand the quality assurance aspects of the instrument |
| according to american red cross, persons wishing to donate blood must be | at least 17 years old in most of the states |
| which of the following procedures is required for a BC using a chloroprep kit | scrubbing for a full 2 minutes |
| blood bank specimens require which of the following identification information | date and time of collection patient's date of bith patient's full name |
| the hemocue plasma/ low hemoglobin instrument is used to indicate | iatrogenic anemia |
| peak and trough specimens are colledted for | theraputic drug monitoring |
| in collecting blood cultures, one of the most frequent errors made is | improper cleansing of the collection site |
| which of the following test does not require special chain-of-cutody documentation when collected | TDM |
| which of the following POC test is used to monitor warfarin therapy | ACT |
| pediatric blood cultures crates challenges because | the antiseptic technique is different if you use chloroprep |
| hyperkalemia means | increased potassium in the blood |
| postprandial refers to | after eating a meal |
| in collecting a blood alcohol test or forensic purposes, he venipuncturesite can be cleaned with | benzalkonium chloride |
| which of the fillowing should be removed from a list of test that the i-STAT instrument can measure | CBC and PT |
| blood levels of this specific analyte begin to rise within 4hrs of an MI | TNT |
| when does the lookback program occur | when the blood service is made aware of a transfusion infection |
| molecular genetic testing require | chain of custody protocol to be followed |
| in the DOT's 10 steps to collection sit security & integrity , drug screen testing is secured for collection of the urine specimen because | employees must empty pockets and leave bags behind |
| monitoring the quality of waived testing being done at the bedside is a constant challenge for the laboratory because | more test are classified as waived each year |
| copletely fillfed blue top, invert 3 to 4 times immediately after drawing. do not centrifuge or freeze if the sample needs to be transported | prothrombin time (PT) |
| hemochromatosis | a disease characterized by excess iron deposits in the tissue |
| blood culture (BC) | specimens mostly collected in special bottles containing nutrient broth (medium) that encourages the growth of microorganisms. usually collected in two's anaerobic (without air) and aerobic (with air). |
| BC order | when using a syringe an anaerobic bottle is filled first but when using a butterfly the aerobic bottle is filled first because of air in the tubbing. |
| trace element tube | tubes made of materials that are as free of trace element contamination as possible. these tubes are typically royal blue. |
| trace element test | it is best to draw it by itself if using a needle,tube assembly or a syringe, when using a syringe change the transfer device before filling the royal blue tube |
| fungemia | fungal or yeast in the blood |
| Na | sodium (is the most plentiful electrolyte in the blood) |
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