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chapter 9
Preanalytical Considerations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| peak levels of this analyte typically occur around 08:00 hours (fever may increase levels) | cortisol |
| which of these tests are most affected if the patient is not fasting | glucose and triglycerides |
| veins that feel hard and cord-like when palpated may be: | thrombosed |
| tiny red spots that appear on the patient's arm when the tourniquet is applied are a sign that | site may bleed excessively |
| when the arm of the patient is swollen with excess fluids, the condition is called | edema |
| a patient has several short lengths of IV-type tubing protruding ffron his chest. This is most likesly a/an; | CVC |
| which of the following would be most likely to allow reflux to occur during venipuncture | filling the tube stopper end first |
| a patient complains of extreme pain when you insert the needle during a venipunture attempt. the pain does not subside, but the patient does not feel any numbness or burning sensation. you know the needle is in the vein, what sould you do | discontinue the draw and attempt collection at another site |
| which of the following situations can result in hemoconcentration | leaving the tourniquet on over 1 minte |
| you are in the process of collecting a specimen by venipunture. you hear a hissing sound, there is a spurt of blood into the tube, and the flow stops. what happened | the vacuum escaped |
| most test result reference ranges are values for | healthy individuals |
| if a venipuncture fails to draw blood and the phlebotomist senses a slight vibration of the needle, | needle is against a valve |
| an arm that is paralyzed | has no muscle function |
| a bariatric phlebotomy chair is designed for individuals who are | overweight |
| an AV fistula is most commonly used for | dialysis access |
| phase of the testing process begins for the laboratory when a test is ordered and ends when testing begins | preanalyticl/ preexamination |
| test reuslts within this range are said to be within normal limits | reference range |
| refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting approximately | basal state |
| will affect test results | age |
| RBC and WBC values are normally higher newborns than in | adults |
| some test results show singificant variations at higher | altitudes |
| decrease of total body fluids | dehidration |
| a condition in which blood conponents cannot easily leave the bloodstream, become concentrated in a smaller plasma volume | hemoconcentration |
| is a term meaning fat soluable that is used to discribe certain fatty substance of animal or vegetable origin | lipid |
| abnormally increased blood lipids content is called | lupemia |
| the medical term for fainting is | syncope |
| according to CAP guidelines, drugs that interfere with blood test should be stopped | 4 to 24 hours prior to the test |
| which of the following test is affected the most if collected from a crying infant | wpc count |
| a hematoma may result from | inadequate site pressure aplied, penetrationg through the back wall of the vein and using a needle that is too large for the vein |
| results of this test have a direct correlation with the patients age | creatinine clearance |
| speciman condition that would lead you to suspect hat the patient was not fasting when it was collected | cloudy whit serum |
| you are collecting a plasma specimen for coagulation test. the patient has an IV in the left arm near the wrist and a hematoma in the antecubital area of the rt arm. where is the best place to collect the specimen | distal to the hematoma |
| a patients arm is in anatomical position. there appears to be a loop under the skin between the wrist and the elbow. you feel a buzzing sensation when you touch it. what you are most likely feeling is | AV graft |
| while you are in the middle of drawing a blood specimen, your patient starts to faint. the first thing you should do is | quickly release the tourniquet and remove the needle |
| a patient has had a mastectomy on the left side and has an IV midway down the right arm. where is the best place to perform a venipuncture | below the IV on the right arm |
| blood loss t a point where life cannot be sustained is called | exsanguination |
| a specimens that would most likely be rejected for testing | a hemolyzed pottasium specimen |
| a clue that you have accidentally punctured an artery instead of a vein | the blood spurts into the tube |
| diurnal | happening daily |
| circadian | having 24hr cycle |
| level's can differ as much as 50% or more between morning and late afternoon and are often ordered as timed test (theraputic monetering) | diurnal/circadian |
| drugs that interfere with urine test should be avoided for | 48 to 72 hours prior to sample |
| also called icterus is a condition characterized by increased bilirubin a breakdown of red blood cells in the blood | jaundise |
| swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue | edema |
| a swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from the vessel during or following venipuncture | hemotoma |
| veins located anywhere except the abdomen and chest | peripheral veins |
| a catheter that is placed in an artery, most connonly located in the radial artery of the wrist and typically used to provide accurate and continuous measurments of blood pressure | arterial line |
| a permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein | arteriovenous (AV) shunt |
| a dialysis shunt created by direct peranent fusion of the artery and vein is called | fistula |
| the vain that can be seen under the skin is called a | graft |
| when palpated a shunt has a distinctive buzzing sensation called a | thrill |
| also called an indwelling line, consist of tubing inserted into a mian vein or artery | CVAD (central vascular access device) |
| line inserted into a large vein, such as sublavian or advanced into the superior vena cava, proximal to the right atrium | CVC (central venous line) |
| line inserted into the peripheral venous system and threaded into the central venous system | PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) |
| sudden faintness caused by abrupt pain, stress or trauma is called | vasovagel |
| used to describe an adverse condition brought on by the effects of treatment | iatrogenic |
| when RBC's are damaged or destroyed and the hemoglobin they contain escapes into the fluid portion | hemolysis |
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