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Ch. 9
Chabner Language of Medicine 11th Edition / Male Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bulbourethral Glands | Pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. AKA Cowper glands. |
| Ejaculation | Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra. |
| Ejaculatory Duct | Tube through which semen enters the male urethra. |
| Epididymis (plural: epididymides) | One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens. |
| Erectile Dysfunction | Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence. |
| Flagellum | Hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move) |
| Fraternal Twins | Two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells. |
| Glans Penis | Sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female. |
| Identical Twins | Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos. Conjoined twins are incompletely separated identical twins. |
| Interstitial cells of the Testes | Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone. AKA Leydig Cells |
| Parenchymal Tissue | Essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal. |
| Penis | Male external organ of reproduction |
| Perineum | External region between the anus and scrotum in the male |
| Prepuce | Foreskin: fold of skin covering the tip of the penis. |
| Prostate Gland | Exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation. |
| Scrotum | Extrenal sac that contains the testes. |
| Semen | Spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation |
| Seminal Vesicles | Paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid ( a major component of semen) into the vas deferens |
| Seminiferous Tubules | Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes. |
| Spermatozoon (plural: Spermatozoa) | Sperm cell |
| Sterilization | Procedure that removes a person's ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures. |
| Stromal Tissue | Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. AKA Stroma |
| Testis (plural: Testes) | Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone. |
| Testosterone | Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics. |
| Vas Deferens | Narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. AKA Ductus Deferens |
| Impotence | Inability of a male to sustain an erection or achieve ejaculation |
| Stroma | Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. AKA Stromal Tissue |
| Leydig Cells | Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone. AKA Interstitial Cells of the Testes. |
| Carcinoma of the Testes (testicular cancer) | Malignant tumor of the testicles. (Seminoma, nonseminomatous, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor) |
| Seminoma | Arises from embryonic cells in the testes. |
| Cryptorchidism; Cryptorchism | Undescended testicles. Treated by orchiopexy. Associated with high risk for sterility and increased risk of developing testicular cancer. |
| Hydrocele | Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum. Treated by needle and syringe aspirating or hydrocelectomy. Usually caused by congential or an infection. |
| Testicular Torsion | Twisting of the spermatic cord. |
| Varicocele | Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle |
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ( BPH ) | Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland. S&S Urinary obstruction, inability to empty bladder. Treated with Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). |
| Transurethral Resection of the Prostate ( TURP ) | Surgical treatment for BPH, relieves the obstruction but overgrowth of cells may recur over several years. |
| Carcinoma of the Prostate ( prostate cancer ) | Malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland) |
| Digital Rectal Examination ( DRE ) | Can detect the tumor at a later stage, but early detection depends on a PSA test. |
| Prostate-Specific Antigen ( PSA ) | A protein that is secreted by tumor cells into the bloodstream. The levels are elevated in patiens with prostate cancer even at an early stage of tumor growth. |
| Hypospadias | Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip |
| Phimosis | Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis. |
| Sexually Transmitted Infections ( STIs ) | Infections transmitted by sexual or other genital contact. AKA STDs. |
| Chlamydial Infection | Bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract. |
| Gonorrhea | Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria) |
| Herpes Genitalis | Infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) |
| Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ) Infection | Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus |
| Syphilis | Chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium) |
| PSA Test | Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) in the blood |
| Semen Analysis | Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid |
| Castration | Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries |
| Circumcision | Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis |
| Digital Rectal Examination ( DRE ) | Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland |
| Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (GreenLight PVP) | Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) using a green light laser ( "laser TURP" ) |
| Transurethral Resection of the Prostate ( TURP ) | Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra. |
| Andr/o | Male |
| Balan/o | Glans Penis |
| Cry/o | Cold |
| Crypt/o | Hidden |
| Epididym/o | Epididymis |
| Gon/o | Seed |
| Hydr/o | Water, fluid |
| Orch/o, Orchi/o, Orchid/o | Testis, Testicle |
| Pen/o | Penis |
| Prostat/o | Prostate Gland |
| Semin/i | Semen, Seed |
| Sperm/o, Spermat/o | Spermatozoa, Semen |
| Terat/o | Monster |
| Test/o | Testis, Testicle |
| Varic/o | Varicose Veins |
| Vas/o | Vessel, duct; vas deferens |
| Zo/o | Animal Life |
| -genesis | Formation |
| -one | Hormone |
| -pexy | Fixation, put in place |
| -stomy | New opening |
| Vasectomy | Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens. |
| BPH | Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (aka Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) |
| DRE | Digital Rectal Examination |
| ED | Erectile Dysfunction |
| GU | Genitourinary |
| HPV | Human Papillomavirus |
| HSV | Herpes Simplex Virus |
| NSU | Nonspecific Urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection) |
| PID | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| PIN | Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer |
| PSA | Prostate-Specific Antigen |
| PVP | Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate; GreenLight PVP |
| RPR | Rapid Plasma Reagin [test] ; a test for syphilis |
| STD | Sexually Transmitted Disease |
| STI | Sexually Transmitted Infection |
| TRUS | Transrectal Ultrasound [examination] ; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle |
| TUIP | Transurethral Incision of the Prostate ; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP |
| TUMT | Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy |
| TUNA | Transurethral Needle Ablation ; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue |
| TURP | Transurethral Resection of the Prostate |
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