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Unit 9
Industrial Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Edward Jenner | Developed a vaccination for smallpox |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which the government does not directly control the market, instead being driven by entrepreneurs and consumers & supply and demand |
| England | Where the Industrial Revolution began thanks to its natural resources and the invention of the steam engine |
| Labor Unions | Groups of workers demanding increased wages, improved working conditions, and workers' rights through lobbying and strikes |
| Factory Work | Grueling, unsafe, unsanitary work which became the norm during the Industrial Revolution |
| Scramble for Africa | After Europe's American colonies became independent, European nations turned to Africa for raw materials |
| Protectorates | An independent country "protected" by another country |
| James Watt | Developed the steam engine, which revolutionized travel over land and sea |
| James Hargreaves | Invented the spinning jenny, which let to the creation of the textile industry |
| Henry Bessemer | Created a process for cheaply and efficiently produce steel |
| Eli Whitney | Created the cotton gin, which separates cotton fibers from their seeds |
| Louis Pasteur | Discovered bacteria |
| Karl Marx | Wrote The Communist Manifesto against the injustices of capitalism and for communism |
| Factory Towns | Cities established by company owners where the companies workers would live -- the money earned by workers would be cycled back to the company and usually put the employees in debt |
| Zulu Wars | A response of European imperialism in the African region of Zulu where the nation resisted colonization through numerous wars |
| Adam Smith | Wrote The Wealth of Nations, which promoted free market ideas |
| Colonies | Areas settled by a European mother country where the settlers recreate the institutions and societal structure of their homeland -- country loses independence |
| Boxer Rebellion | A response of European imperialism in |
| Sphere of Influence | A practice common in China where another nation has specific trading privileges and economically dominates and area -- country retains independence |
| Cottage Industry | A small business run from home and usually by a family where items were handmade (diminished during/after the industrial revolution) |
| Women's Suffrage | A movement fueled by women's desire to vote |
| Socialism and Communism | Economic systems based on the idea of economic equality and against social classes in which the government redistributes wealth |
| Middle Class | Certain workers who had an increased standard of living developed into a new economic class |
| Hindu Nationalism | A response of European imperialism in India where their religious identity united the nation |
| Enclosure Movement | Mechanized farming drove wealthy farmers to fence off farms to increase their size and production |
| Wealth of Nations | A book written by Adam Smith which promoted the idea of a free market |
| The Communist Manifesto | Written by Karl Marx expressing ideas against the injustices of capitalism and in favor of socialism/communism |
Created by:
FordSB21
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