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Musculoskeletal ter
CF Prefix Suffix
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket) |
| acro/o | extremities |
| acromi/o | acromion |
| ankyl/o | crooked, bent, stiff |
| arthr/o Or articul/o | Joint |
| blast/o | developing cell |
| burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near joints) |
| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel bone) |
| calc/o | Calcium |
| carp/o | carpus (wrist bone) |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
| coccyg/o | coccyx (tale bone) |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | skull |
| femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
| fibr/o | fibers, fibrous tissue |
| fibros/o | fibrous tissue |
| fibul/o | fibula |
| humer/o | humorus (upper arm bone) |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium (part of hip bone) |
| kinesi/o | movement, motion |
| kyph/o | humpback |
| lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
| lapar/o | abdominal wall |
| leiomy/o | smooth (visceral) muscle |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| lord/o | swayback, curve |
| lumb/o | lower back, loins |
| malleol/o | malleolus |
| mandibul/o | lower jaw bone |
| maxill/o | upper jaw bone |
| menisc/o | meniscus (crescent) |
| metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones) |
| my/o | muscle |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| myelon/o | bone marrow |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| olecran/o | elbow |
| om/a | shoulder |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | patella |
| pelv/o | pelvic bone, hip |
| perone/o | fibula |
| petr/o | stone |
| phalang/o | phalanges (finger and toe bones) |
| pub/o | pubis (part of hip bone) |
| pyr/o | fever |
| rachi/o | spinal column, vertebrae |
| radi/o | radius (lateral lower arm bone), x-rays |
| rhabdomy/o | striated (skeletal) muscle |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| sarc/o | flesh (connective tissue) |
| scapul/o | scapula, shoulder bone |
| scoli/o | crooked, bent |
| spondyl/o | vertebrea (backbones) |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| submaxill/o | lower jaw bone |
| syndesm/o | ligament |
| synovi/o | synovia (joint fluid) |
| tars/o | tarsals (ankle bone) |
| ten/o | tendon |
| thorac/o | chest |
| tibi/o | tibia (shin bone) |
| uln/o | ulna (medial lower arm bone) |
| vertebr/o | vertebrae (backbones) |
| amphi- | on both sides |
| de- | lack of |
| di- | complete, through |
| dia- | complete, through |
| inter- | between |
| peri- | surrounding |
| supra- | above |
| sym- | together, with |
| syn- | together, with |
| -clasia | break |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -blast | embryonic, immature |
| -clasis | break |
| -desis | binding together |
| -lemma | sheath, covering |
| -malacia | softening |
| -physis | grow, growth |
| -porosis | passage |
| -schisis | to split |
| -sthenia | strength |
| -trophy | nourishment, development |
| -clast | break |
| calci/o | calcium |
| calei/o | calcium |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| treating musculoskeletal deformities in children | Orthopedist |
| treat joint diseases such as the various forms of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis | Rheumatologist |
| surgical subspecialists in diseases and structural problems of the feet | Podiatrists |
| A fiberoptic instrument is introduced into a joint cavity in order to visualize surfaces of bones entering into a joint, find tears in internal joint structures and evaluate sources of inflammation. | Arthroscopy |
| A radioactive element in very small amounts, not enough to cause any radiation injury to the patient, is introduced into the blood stream | Bone scan |
| recording of muscle electrical activity | Electromyography |
| Cutting out a small tissue sample of muscle in order to examine it under a microscope | Muscle biopsy |
| joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and oftentimes, loss of mobility of joints | Arthritis |
| Changes occur in both joint soft tissues and the opposing bones | osteoarthritis |
| an autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against joint tissues causing chronic inflammation resulting in severe joint damage, pain and immobility | rheumatoid arthritis |
| The hard, rock-like quality of bone is dependent upon calcium. When too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured | Osteoporosis |
| "Soft bones". If not enough calcium is deposited during early childhood development, the bones do not become rock-hard, but rubbery. | Osteomalacia |
| People whose job involves repeated flexing of their wrist (typing, house painting) may develop tingling and/or pain in their thumb, index and middle fingers along with weakness of movements of the thumb, especially, grasping an object. | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle | Tendonitis |
| . Hard, fast movements, such as in tennis and baseball can tear one of these tendons resulting in pain and decreased mobility of the shoulder. | Rotator cuff tear |
| Muscular dystrophy | MD |
| This inherited disease leads to degeneration and weakness of muscles manifesting at birth. | Muscular dystrophy |
| This is an autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions. | Myasthenia gravis |
| An autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissues of skin and joints | Lupus erythematosus |
| may involve a distinctive butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks and may also involve myalgia and arthralgia | Mild lupus |
| involves inflammation of multiple organ systems such as the heart, lungs, or kidneys. | Severe or systemic lupus |
| SLE | Severe or systemic lupus |
| abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, S shaped curve of the spinal column | Scoliosis |
| humpbacked abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine which pushes the head and shoulders forward | Kyphosis |
| swaybacked, abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine which pushes the abdomen forward and the hips backward | Lordosis |
| synarthrotic Joint | immovable |
| amphiathrotic | slightly movable |
| diathrotic | freely movable |
| accumulation of uric acid crystals within the joint. | gout |
| attach muscles to bone | Tendons |
| When muscles attach to other muscles or to a large flat bone, the attachment is | aponeurosis |
| attach bone to bone | Ligaments |
| slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated nucleus pulposus | herniated disk |
| kyphosis | hunchback |
| rachischisis | spina bifida |
| ankylosing spondylitis | Strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease |
| bunion | hallux valgus |
| exostosis | spur |
| bones that are strong and have large surface areas for muscles to attach. | long bones |
| bones that are grouped together to help provide movement. | short bones |
| Bones that cover and protect soft body parts. | flat bones |
| bones, such as the kneecap, are small and rounded; they are found near joints to increase the efficiency of the muscles near that joint. | Sesamoid bones |
| middle region of long bones | Diaphysis |
| each end of the long bones | Epiphysis |
| cartilage tissue that is constantly replaced as bone grows; disappears when bone is fully grown, very obvious in children | Epiphyseal plate |
| flared portion of bone between diaphysis and epiphysis | Metaphysis |
| strong, fibrous, vascular covering of long bones; has extensive nerve supply | Periosteum |
| ends of long bones and surface of any bone that meets another to form a joint; cushions the joint, allowing fluid movement | Articular cartilage |
| layer of hard dense bone under the periosteum; contains canals of blood vessels that nourish the bone and remove waste products | Compact bone |
| channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels | Haversian canals |
| central shaft of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow that is made up of mostly fat cells | Medullary cavity |
| spongy, porous bone tissue in the center of bones that contain spaces that contain red bone marrow; this is where red blood cells are made. | Cancellous bone |
| Fossa | shallow cavity in a bone |
| Foramen | opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves |
| Fissure | deep, narrow slit in a bone |
| Sinus | hollow cavity in a bone |
| Striated | made up of voluntary or skeletal muscles that move all bones, facial expressions and eye movement; we control these muscles |
| involuntary or visceral muscles that move internal organs, such as the digestive tract; we do not control these. Muscle fibers are arranged in sheets that wrap around vessels | Smooth |
| heart muscles; we do not control these. Arranged in branching fibers | Cardiac: |
| Bones | 206 adult |
| Muscle | over 600 |
| endosteum | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
| red marrow | thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation) |
| yellow marrow | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
| diaphysis | shaft of the long bones |
| epiphysis | ends of the long bone |
| bone marrow | material found in the cavities of bones |
| maxilla | upper jawbone |
| mandible | lower jawbone |
| cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) | first set of 7 forming the neck |
| thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) | second set of 12 vertebrae |
| lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) | third set of 5 larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of spine |
| sacrum | next five vertebrae, which fuse together |
| coccyx | four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone |
| lamina | part of the vertebral arch |
| clavicle (2) | collarbone |
| scapula (2) | shoulder blade |
| sternum | breastbone |
| upper extremities | arm and hand bones |
| pelvic bones (3 pairs fused together) | (3 pairs fused together) |
| lower extremities | leg and foot bones |
| joint | holds bones together and makes movement possible |
| articular cartilage | smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints |
| meniscus | crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee |
| intervertebral disk | cartilagionous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine |
| pubic symphysis | cartilaginous joint at which two public bones fuse together |
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