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Chapter 9
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Robert Koch | |
Charles Darwin | the British naturalist who in 1859 published "On the Origin of Species", which set forth the theory of evolution through natural selection |
corporation | business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment |
standard of living | a measure of the quality and availability of necessities and comfort in a society |
Michael Faraday | an English chemist who created the first electric motor in the 1800s |
Alfred Nobel | a Swedish chemist who invented dynamite in 1866 |
Louis Pasteur | a French chemist who showed the link between microbes and disease and developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax |
Sojourner Truth | |
Joseph Lister | the English surgeon who discovered how antiseptics prevent infection |
racism | |
social gospel | a movement that urged Christians to social service |
germ theory | the idea that certain microbes cause specific infectious diseases |
Guglielmo Marconi | |
mutual-aid society | a self-help group formed to aid sick and injured workers |
Dynamo | a machine that is used to generate electricity |
assembly line | production method of breaking down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks |
stock | shares in a company |
urban renewal | the process of fixing up the poor areas of the city |
temperance movement | |
interchangeable parts | identical components that could be used in place of one another in manufacturing |
cult of domesticity | a message put forth by books, magazines, and popular songs that idealized women and the home |
John Dalton | an English Quaker school teacher who developed modern atomic theory in the early 1800s, showing that each element has its own kind of atom. |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton | a reformer who helped organize a movement for women's rights |