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Surgical Technology
Orthodefinitions - 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hinge Joint | a joint that has rocker and craddle components, which allow extension and flexion only (the elbow) |
| Saddle Joint | a joint in which two components have a complementary convex-concave shape, and the bones slide over each other. (only 1 of these joints, the thumb) |
| Gliding Joint | a joint in which relatively flat surfaces of the bone slide over each other (the vertebrae, movement of which allows the spine to flex) |
| Ball-and-socket joint | a joint with a spherical component and a concave component. movement occurs in several planes making this the most freely movable joint (hip and humerus) |
| Pivot Joint | a joint composed of a bony protuberance and an open collar component (1st and2nd vertebrae of the neck) |
| Condyloid Joint | a joint in which a small protrusion slides within a slightly elliptical component (carpal bones of the wrist) |
| Tendons | attach muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | attach bone to bone |
| Orthopedic Table | 'fracture table'. used mainly for the surgery of the femur and the lower leg. it supports the operative leg while providing open access to the femur. |
| Pneumatic Tourniquet | provides a bloodless operative site by blocking the flow of blood. its components include the cuff, regulator, and tubing. |
| Esmarch Bandage | used to exsanguinate the limb |
| Bone Putty | 'ostene'. a moldable preparation that is pressed into bleeding areas to control oozing. |
| Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) | involves open surgery and to expose the bone and reduce the fracture (akign the bones in anatomical position). internal orthopedic implants are used to achieve fixation. |
| Open reduction and external fixation (OREF) | reduction requires an incision to align the bones. however, an external device (frame or cast) is used to stabilize and hold the bone fragments during healing. |
| Closed reduction and external fixation (CREF) | the fracture is reduced manually or with a traction device. except for casting and other types of noninvasive splinting, this type of fixation device requires the insertion of wires, pins, or other devices to support the external structures. |
| Inert | a material that does not react with other nonorganic or biological substances |
| Skin Traction | requires taping a traction system to the skin.used only as a temporary measure (buck traction). seldom used in adults. |
| Skeletal Traction | requires surgical insertion of metal pins or rods through the bone distal to the fracture. the pins are attached to a traction device that applies force or is drawn by a weighted pulley. |
| Tamponade | pressure to control bleeding |
| Labrum | rim of cartilage that that surrounds the socket and helps stabilize the head of the humerus.also attaches to several ligaments which further support the joint |
| Clavicle | moves in coordination with the humerus and is a primary site of sports injuries |
| Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint | clavicle to acromion |
| Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint | clavicle to sternum |
| Rotator Cuff | composed of four tendons / muscles that attach the humerus to the glenoid socket |
| Femoral Head | includes the stem, neck, and head |
| Acetabular Components | includes an acetabular liner, which is seated into the prepared acetabulum and a shell which fits into the liner |
| Osteoarthritis | results in the loss of cartilage and eventual erosion of bone |
| Osteonecrosis | death of bone and marrow tissue, usually related to trauma or disease |
| Acetabular Fracture | hip trauma, commonly associated with falls and motor vehicle accidents |
| Femoral Neck Fracture | commonly associated with falls |
| Avascular Necrosis | death of bone tissue related to the interruption of blood supply to the hip |
Created by:
lluckey3
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