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Unit 5-Agriculture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| purposely raising a crop or animal for human use | agriculture |
| When people started deliberately raising plants or animals | agricultural revolution |
| Preparing, planting, caring for, and harvesting a plant crop, | cultivation |
| Modifying a plant or animal species through selective breeding so that it becomes dependent on humans. | domestication |
| Where is the hearth for potatoes? | Latin America |
| What are the major hearths for plant crops? | Latin America, Southwest Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia |
| Where is the hearth for wheat? | Southwest Asia |
| Where is the hearth for rice? | East Asia |
| Where is the hearth for coconuts? | Southeast Asia |
| Where is the hearth of coffee? | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| When people started to use machines in farming in the early 1800s that continued into the 20th century. | Second Agricultural Revolution |
| Presents a range of choices in choosing which crops are better suited for the environment. | Climate |
| Increases the availability of choices through machinery, irrigation, etc., and also shapes the style of agriculture. | Wealth |
| Preferences based on customs, religion, social norms, etc. | Culture |
| Three factors that cause the variation of Agriculture | Climate, wealth, culture |
| A type of agriculture in which people herd domesticated animals by moving them from pastor to pastor | pastoral nomadism |
| A type of culture in which people change the activity of one field to another to prevent the overuse of nutrients | shifting cultivation |
| the act of preparing a field by clearing them and lighting on fire. | slash and burn |
| A type of fields that are farmed for a small amount of time and left alone to restore nutrients and fertility. | fallow fields |
| A type of agriculture that requires a large amount of work to produce a lot of food from a small amount of land. | intensive subsistence |
| The act of planting and harvesting two crops in the same year on the same field. | double cropping |
| A type of agriculture that is practiced in areas that are dryer | intensive subsistence |
| A type of agriculture that grows one or two crops for commercial purposes. Often people are hired as laborers and owners are commercial contractors. | plantation |
| The five major types of agriculture found in developing regions | Pastoral nomadism, Shifting cultivation, Intensive subsistence, Intensive subsistence, Plantation |
| The six types of agriculture found in developed regions | Mixed crop and livestock, Dairy farming, Commercial gardening and fruit farming, Grain farming, Mediterranean agriculture, Livestock ranching |
| The thesis that states as population grows, farmers are forced to adopt more intensive methods to meet the demands | Boserup's thesis |
| Farmers need supplies such as fertilizer, machinery, productive seeds and pesticides to increase food production | Balancing Food and Trade |
| To earn a sufficient amount of money farmers may send some family members to take jobs in the city to send money back, make crafts, or plant cash crops. | Methods of Getting Cash |
| If there is more land spent to grow cash crops, there is less land for food crops to be grown on. | the dilemma of growing cash and food crops |
| The act of producing more food than demand calls for. | overproduction |
| Make foreign markets more available | how to deal with overproduction |
| The black market, corruption, violence, and organized crime and drug-trafficking is a consequence of... | drug crops being the best cash crop |
| This diagram dimistrates how the cost of land decrease the farther away one is from the market | von Thunen model |
| The maximum distance a crop can be transported and still be sold to make a profit. | transportation threshold |
| Occurred from the 1950s-to the 1980s; the invention and rapid diffusion of productive agricultural techniques such as plant hybridization and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. | Green Revolution |
| genetically modified organisms | GMOs |
| Seeds are owned by the creator, farmers have to buy new seeds every year, and agribusiness | Legal issues created by GMOs |
| Cheap food with a lot of mass consumption | sustainability |
| Water pollution, use of antibiotics and hormones, and resource use | Sustainability concerns |
| The township and range system | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| 1-square mile parcels | sections |
| 36 section square | township |
| A survey system in which natural features are used to demarcate individual parcels of land. Creates an irregular pattern of land division | metes and bound |
| Skinny, linear rectangles were the shape for land so water could be accessible to a lot of people | long lot system |
Created by:
carmen.estupinan
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