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unit 8
industrial revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Edward Jenner | Developed the smallpox vaccination |
| Capitalism | A free market where individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit |
| England | Place where the Industrial Revolution originated from due to its vast natural resources (e.g. coal and iron ore) and because of the invention and improvement of the steam engine |
| Labor unions | Group of workers who sought to improve working conditions, increase wages, and improve the lives of workers |
| Factory work | Labor done in factories |
| Scramble for Africa | The independence of the Americas led to this |
| Protectorates | Countries which remained "independent" but were under the "protection" of another country |
| James Watt | Invented the steam engine which revolutionized travel in Western Europe |
| James Hargreaves | Invented the Spinning Jenny which mechanized the creation of thread and led to the creation of TEXTILE FACTORIES |
| Henry Bessemer | Invented the process for making steel from iron cheaply and efficiently |
| Eli Whitney | Invented the cotton gin which separated cotton fibers from their seeds and reduced the labor of removing seeds however increased the demand for land and slave labor |
| Louis Pasteur | Discovered bacteria and developed pasteurization |
| Karl Marx | Father of communism, believed government should control the economy |
| Factory towns | Built by factory owners esp. steel industry and coalmine owners |
| Zulu Wars | Series of wars in Southern Africa against European colonization |
| Adam Smith | Father of Capitalism, promoted the idea of a free market and believed government should not interfere in the economy |
| Colonies | Areas where Europeans settled and recreated European institutions and power structures, not independent |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese anti-sentiment rebellion against westernization |
| Sphere of influence | Areas carved out of an independent country that allowed another nation to dominate trade in the given area |
| Cottage industry | Work done in homes through manual labor before the Industrial Revolution |
| Women's suffrage | Women's movement for voting rights |
| Socialism and Communism | Money distributed to workers equally by the government |
| Middle class | Result from better nutrition and medical care, stable income, and improved transportation networks |
| Hindu Nationalism | Sense of Indian nationalism due to European domination |
| Enclosure Movement | Wealthy farmers fenced off land for peasants |
| Wealth of Nations | Written by Adam Smith |
| The Communist Manifesto | Written by Karl Marx |
Created by:
mytutorfriend
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