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WH Unit 8 GSE-CCHS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cartographer | a person who draws or produces maps. |
| circumnavigate | sail or travel all the way around (something, especially the world). |
| outpost | a small military camp or position at some distance from the main force, used especially as a guard against surprise attack. |
| sovereign | a supreme ruler, especially a monarch. ultimate power. |
| sepoy | an Indian soldier serving under British or other European orders. |
| conquistador | a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. |
| immunity | protection or exemption from something, especially an obligation or penalty. |
| alliance | a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations. |
| viceroy | a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign. |
| encomienda | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. |
| peon | a Spanish-American day laborer or unskilled farm worker. |
| creole | a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean. |
| mestizo | (in Latin America) a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian. |
| mulatto | a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent. |
| peninsular | an area of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water. |
| privateer | an armed ship owned and officered by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for use in war, especially in the capture of enemy merchant shipping. |
| inflation | a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. |
| price revolution | a series of economic events from the second half of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century. the high rate of inflation that occurred during this period across Western Europe. |
| capitalism | an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
| mercantilism | the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism. |
| tariff | a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. |
| free enterprise system | an economic system where a government places very few restrictions on the types of business activities or ownership in which citizens participate |
| enterpreneur | a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. |
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