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NHA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three layers of the heart | Endocardium, Myocardium, and Epicardium |
| The endothelial inner layer linning of the heart | Endocardium |
| The muscular middle layer of the heart | Myocardium |
| the fibrouse outer layer of the heart | Epicardium |
| The averag adult has how many liters of blood | 5.0 |
| Formed elements constitue what remaining percentage of the blood | 45% |
| What are erythrocytes | Red blood cells |
| The normal life span of an erythrocyte is | 120 days |
| What are leukocytes | white blood cells |
| Phagocytic cells that engulf and digest bacteria | Neutrophils |
| Numbers increase in allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections | eosinophils |
| the process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury is called | hemostasis |
| what is the injury to a blood vessel which causes it to constrict slowing the flow of blood | vascular phase |
| what are the three major veins located in the antecubial fossa | median cubital, cephalic, basilic |
| Vein of choice | median cubital |
| second choice vein, often the only vein that can be palpated in obese people | cephalic |
| third choice vein, near brachial artery | basilic |
| veins that are hard or cordlike | sclerosed |
| Needles smaller than 23 gauge if used can cause | hemolysis |
| Most common complication of phlebotomy | hematoma |
| blood that has accumulated in the tissue surrounding the vein | hematoma |
| caused by the tourniquet being left on too long | hemoconcentration |
| the increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma | hemoconcentration |
| inflammation of a vein | phlebitis |
| tiny non raised red spots on skin from rupturing of capillaries due to the tourniquet being on too long or too tight | Petechiae |
| blood clot usually a consequence of insufficient pressure applied | thrombus |
| the accumulation of fluid in the tissues | edema |
| patient misidentification | preanalytical error |
| extended tourniquet time | analytical error |
| wrong order of draw | analytical error |
| exposure to light | post analytical error |
| reasons a tube may loose its vaccuum | a manufacturing defect, expired tube, tube may have a small crack |
| collection of blood while patient is in the basal state | fasting specimen |
| patient has fasted and refrained from strenous exercise for 12 hours prior to draw | basal state |
| test used to evaluate diabetes mellitus glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal or ingesting a measured amount of glucose | two hour postprandial test |
| test that is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and evaluate patients with frequent low blood suger | oral glucose tolerance test |
| test used to monitor blood levels of certain medication | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| trough levels are collected how long before scheduled dose | 30 minutes |
| time for collecting peak levels in therapeutic drug monitoring will vary on what | the medication, patient's metabolism, and the route of administration |
| used to detect presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood | blood cultures |
| test that is ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria | pku |
| pku test is performed | on newborn's heel or urine |
| specimens that are wrapped in aluminum foil after draw are | light sensitive specimens |
| name test that are light sensitive | bilirubin, beta carotene, vitamins a and b6, and porphyrins |
| areas recommened for dermal puncture for infants is | the medial and lateral areas of the plantar surface of the foot |
| heel punctures for infants should not exceed | 2.0 mm deep |
| delivers oxygen throughout the body | rbc's |
| name the clinical labatory sections | hematology section, chemistry, blood bank, microbiology, urinalysis, serology |
| section of the clinical lab that studies the formed elements of blood | hematology |
| section of lab that that is most automated | chemistry |
| what are the sections of the chemistry section of the lab | electrophoresis, toxicology, immunochemisty |
| analyzes chemical components of blood | electrophoresis |
| analyzes plasma levels of drugs and poisons | toxicology |
| uses radio immunoassay to detect and measure hormones, enzymes | immunochemisty |
| section that is responsible for detection of pathogenic microorganisms | microbiology |
| performs test on urine | urinalysis section |
| what are the three componets of urinalysis | physical exam, chemical exam, and microscopic exam |
| evalutes teh color clarity and gravity of urinalysis | physical exam |
| determines ph, glucose, ketones, protein in urinalysis | chemical exam |
| identifies presence of casts, yeast, bacteria and parasites in urinalysis | microscopic exam |
| latex sensitivity that can cause allergic reactions ranging from simple dermatitis to anaphylaxis | allergic reaction |
| what are the five signs of shock | pale cold clammy skin, rapid or weak pulse, increased or shallow breathing rate, expressionless face or staring eyes, nausea and vomitting |
| what is the first aid for shock | maintain an open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep the victim lying down with the head lower than the rest of the body, attempt to control bleeding or cause of shock, keep the victim warm |
| infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups | agents |
| method by which an infectious agent leaves it reservoir | portal of exit |
| specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host | mode of transmission |
| name the five types of mode of transmission | contact,droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vectorborne |
| designed to reduce transmission by direct or indirect contact | contact precaution |
| involves skin to skin contact | direct contact |
| involves contact with a contaminated object | indirect contact |
| designed to reduce the risk of airborne transmission | airborne precautions |
| microorganisms spread by air currents | airborne transmission |
| designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission | droplet precautions |
| involves contact with mucous membranes | droplet transmission |
| consent given by the patient who is made aware of any procedure to be performed | informed consent |
| consent with out permission in case of an emergency | implied consent |
| wrongful act that results in injury to one person by another | tort |
| unprivileged touching of one person by another | battery |
| means to threaten | assult |
| means to actually cause harm | battery |
Created by:
ashleyqat
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