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IEC4
Economics & World Civilization Part II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Doctrine that the popes are the direct successors to apostle Peter (head of church) | apostolic primacy |
| Part of a manor that was cultivate directly for the lord of the manor | demesne |
| Oath of loualty by a vassal to a lord, promising to perform specified services | fealty |
| Social, political, military and economic system middle ages and beyond Europe | feudal society |
| Land granted to a vassal in exchange for services, usually military | fief |
| Majority ethnic group in Hungary | Magyars |
| Village farms owned by a lord. | manor |
| Territory in central Italy ruled by Pope until 1870 | Papal States |
| Teaching that the popes have power over all other bishops of the church. | plenitude of power |
| Peasents tied to the land they tilled. | serf |
| Medevial innovation that increased the amount of cultivation by leavinn only 1/3 fal | three-field system |
| Bubonic plague that killed millions of Euroopeans in the 14th century | Black Death |
| Use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing. | chiaroscuro |
| Religious wars dirced by the church against infidels and heritics. | Crusades |
| Papal government | curia |
| Name given to the Mongol rulers of Russia from 1240 to 1480 | Golden Horde |
| Appearence of two at times three Rival Popes between 1378 and 1415. | Great Schism |
| Assoc. of merchants or craftsman offered protection by work rules a produt rules. | guild |
| revival of the old Roman Empire based mainly in Germany and northern italy 870-1806 | Holy Roman Empire |
| Study of latin and greek classisc and church fathers promote rebirth of ancient noms values | humanism |
| "Great Charte" limiting royal power 1215 nobility force king John to sign | Magna Carta |
| Style of art mid late 16th artist express own manner feelings | mannerism |
| Study based on logic and dialectic medieval schools. Truth already exist learn defend | Scholasticism |
| Parish clergy who did not belong to a religious order. | secular clergy |
| rensissance liberal arts frammar, rhetoric, poetry, history,philosphy, and politics | studia humantis |
| Direct tax on the French peasentry | taille |
| Everyday language spoken by the people as opposed to Latin. | vernacular |
| 16th century reform movement in Roman Catholic churh reaction to Protestant Refor.. | Counter-reformation |
| German city of Worms Emperoe Charls V 1521 Holy Roman Emp. order Luther to recant didn't | Diet of Worms |
| French Calvinists | Hugenot |
| Remission of the temporal penalty fo punishment in purgatory after sins forgiven. | indulgences |
| 10-31-1517 Martin Luther posted on door Castle church Wittenberg GER. (indulgences protest) | ninety-five thesis |
| 16th Century rligious movement sought to reform Roman Catholic and led to Protestantism | Reformation |
| Doctrine Eucharist actually are change into blood and flesh of Christ. | transsubstantiation |
| Argument that Spainish treatment of Native Americans was uniquely inhumane. | Black Legend |
| Meaning "conquerors" Spainish conquerors of the New World | conquistadores |
| Requiremen that labores remain and continue to work hacienda untill debt paid credit foods bought from owner, | debt peonage |
| grant Spainsh crown to a colonist fo labor of specific # of Indians set period of time | encomienda |
| Larfe landed estates of Spainish America. | hacienda |
| close government control economy maximise export and acculate preious metals defend interest | mercantilism |
| Persons born in Spain settled in Spanish colonies. | peninsulares |
| large estates from Chesapeak bay to Brazil produce crops sugar cotton tobacco w/ slaves. | plantation economy |
| lavor tax Spainish america required Indians devote set # days in a year Spainish enterprises | repartimiento |
| God crated stays out of daily running belief in rewards and punishment after death. | deism |
| Use of experiment and observation to consturct scientific theory o phil of knowledge | empiricism |
| 18th century movement change and reform desirable through reason and science | Enlightment |
| French "allow to do" Economics minimal government interference in economy. | laissez-faire |
| 18th favorable to change apply reason and common sense to institutions | philosophes |
| Pre-Coperican explanation of universe place the earth in the center of universe. | Ptolemaic system |
| 16th and 17th century sweeping change in scientific view of universe in West. | Scientific Revolution |
| The unchaging,infinite principle of reality in Indian religion | Atman-Brahman |
| ancient greek philosphers that universe is made up of timy indivisble particles atoms | atomist |
| Texts dealing with the ritual application of Vedas | Brahmanas |
| The Confucian term for aperson who haves ethically, in harmony with cosmic order. | Chun-tzu |
| Moral law or duty | dharma |
| Chinese philosphy teaches wisdom lies in becoming one with dao "way" creative priciple of universe. | Daoism |
| diverse social, racial, linguistic and religious grooups of India. | Hindu |
| Indian religious community that teaches compassion for all beings. | Jains |
| Indian belief that evey action ahs an inevitable effect.Good begits good Bad bad | karma |
| Chinese philosophical school that argued that astrong state was necessary good society | Legalism |
| Redeemer Jews believed would establish kingdom of God on earth Christian (Jesus) | Messiah |
| Worship of one universal God. | monotheism |
| Worship of many Gods | polytheism |
| Greek city state unit community of citizenss theoritacally one ancestor | polis |
| The endless cycle of existtence, of birth, and rebirth. | samsara |
| Professiona teachers Greece mid 5th BCE paid to teach techniques of rhetoric, argumentation, dialectic. | Sophists |
| religious and civic center of Athens. Site of the Parthenon. | Acropolis |
| Greek marketplace and civic cente. It was the heart of the sociall live of polis. | agora |
| governing council of Athens, originally open only to the nobility. Named after hill its on | Areopagus |
| Alliance of Greek states und athens whic was formed 478-477 BCE to resist Persians. | Delian League |
| Athens 342-271 BCE gods had no intrest in humans happiness in pleasure (lack of pain) | Epicureans |
| That earth and other planets rotate around sun Aritarchos of Samos firs proposed. | helioocentric theory |
| Herediatary Spartan serfs | Helots |
| Basuc unit Greek warfare in which infantryman fought close order,8 ranks deep shield to shield | hoplite phalanx |
| Epic poem about "dark age" sung by barbs written down in 8th century BCE | The Iliad and the Odyssey |
| divine reason, or fire, which according to Stoics, was the guiding priciple nature. | logos |
| Latin "great greece" southern Italy and Sicily because there wers so many colonies. | Magna Graecia |
| Bronze age civilization that arose in Crete inf third and second millennia BCE | Minoan |
| Bronze age civilizaton mainland Greecetha was centered in Mycenae. | Mycenaean |
| Means "all Greek" The sense of culture that all greeks felt in common. | Panhellenic |
| Protracted struggle between Athens and Sparta to domminate Greece 465-404 BCE Sparta won | Peloponnesian War |
| Zino of Citium 335-263 BCE taught humans could only be happy with natural law. | Stoics |
| Carefully organized drinking party Greek social life games songs poetry philosophical disputation. | symposion |
| Prejucice, hotility, or legal discrimination against jews. | anti-semitism |
| "compromise" Dual Monarchy Austria-Hungary 1867 gave Hungary administrative autonomy. | ausgleich |
| Grant of full political rights to Roman Catholics in Britain in 1829. | Catholic Emancipation |
| First large scale European working class political movement. 1830-40 skilled Briish workers reforms | Chartism |
| Limited reform British house of commons and expans electroate to variety of propertied classes. | Great Reform bill 1832 |
| Irish autonomy within british empire 1880s and 1914 | home rule |
| French regime set up after overthrow of th ebourbons in July 1830. | July Monarchy |
| "small German" Agrgument that german speaking portions of Hasurg empire should be excluded from a united Geermany | kleindeutsch |
| 19th century support for representative government dominated by propertied class minimal interference in economy. | liberalism |
| Belief that one is a part of a nation own language traditions customs and history. | nationalism |
| Pseudoscientific theory that biological features of raace determine character, worth | racism |
| Movement to crate a Jewish state in Palestine (biblical Zion) | Zionism |
| Iranian commercial middle class. | bazaari |
| Segregation of areas in which Europeans lived in British India, | cantonments |
| Migration 1835-1847 of boer pioneers (voortrekkers) north from British cape to northern to establish there on independent republics. | Great Trek |
| Period of widespread warfare and chaos Bantu peoples east central africa 19th century. | mfecane |
| shi'ite religious-legal scholar | mujtahid |
| Movement adocate that entire Muslim world should unify into one political cultural entity. | pan-Islamism |
| 1858-1947 during which India was governed directly by British Crown. | raj |
| Late 19th century takeover of most of Africa by European powers. | scramble for Africa |
| combat excesses of Sufi piety break stranglehold of ulama's conformist interpatation of legal and religious iss. | Wahhabis |
| Nationalist Chinese religious society that attacke foreigners and their encrachment 19th | Boxers |
| Bicameral Japenese parliment | Diet (Japan) |
| China's Nationalist Party, founded by Sun Zhongshan | (GMD) Guomindang |
| 1934 flight of the Chinese communist from their narionalist foes to northwest china | Long March |
| 1868 overthrow of Tokugawa bakufu japa restored power to Imperial government Emp Meiji | Meiji restoration |
| 19th century revolt against Manch dynasty quasi christian ideas enormous suffering and destruction collapese 1868 | Taiping rebellions |
| chinese ports ruled by foreigners immunity from Chinese laws | treaty ports |
| large industrial combines that came to dominate Jap industry in lathe 19th century | zaibatsu |
| President Wilson's (1856-1924) idealistic warm aims. | Fourteen Points |
| "unredeemd Italy" Italian speaking areasleft under Austrian rule. | Italia Irredenta |
| Association of sovereign state set up after WWI to pursue common polices and aver tensions | League of Nations |
| late 19th early 20th western political dominance of Asia Middle East and Africa | New Imperalism |
| effort to create a natoin that would embrace all slavic people Eastern Europe | Pan-Slavic movement |
| Germany's plan for achieving a quick victory in West WWI by invading France through Belgium and Luxembourg. | Schlieffen Plan |
| WWI Versilles Treaty assigned all blame to Germans. | war quilt clause |
| russians who opposed the Bolsheviks (the "reds") in Russian Civil War 1918-21 | White Russians |
| Stalinist agriculture Peasants gave up farms work on collectives controlled by state. | collectivization |
| "leader" Mussolini's title as head of fascist Party. | Duce |
| antidemocratic, antiMarxist, antiparliamentary, Nationalist support middle class Mussolini 1st | fascism |
| "leader" Title Hitler took when he became Dictator Germany. | Fuhrer |
| Prolonged worldwide economic downturn began 1929 collapse NY stock Exchange. | Great Depression |
| Imprisonment and execution of Soviet citizens by Stalin 1934-1939. | Great Purges |
| "crystal night" broken glass littered streets after looting destruction of Jewish homes,business, and synagogues Germany 1938 orders of Nazi party. | Krisyallnacht |
| "my struggle" Hitler's statement of his political program, 1924. | Mein Kampf |
| 1921 limited revival of capitalism light industry and agriculture repair damage of civil war and War communism. | NEP New Economic Policy |
| Goverment of all left-wing parties that took power in France 1936 to enact social and economic reforms. | Popular Front |
| German parliament, which existed in various forms, until 1945. | Reichstag |
| Economic policy by Bolsheviks during Russian civil war to seize banks, heavy industry, railroads and grain. | War Communism |
| German democratic regime that existed between WWI and Hitler coming to power in 1933. | Weimar Republic |
| New Deal program 1935 provide relief for unemployed in industrial sector Great Depression. | WPA Works Progress Administration |
| "union" Annexation of Austria by Germany in March 1938. | Anschluss |
| Anglo-French policy of concessions to Gemany 1930s to avoid war. Assumed Germany had real grievances and Hitler's aims were limited and acceptable. | appeasement |
| alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. also called pact of steel. | Axis |
| "war by lightning strokes" German tact WWII of employing fast moving armor column and air power. | Blitzkrieg |
| Nazi extermination of millions of European Jews 1940-1945 "final solution to Jewish problem" | Holocast |
| "living space" Nazi plan to colonize and exploit eastern Europe. | Lebensraum |
| German air force WWII. | Luftwaffe |
| Mao's movement 1965-1976 against soviet style bureaucracy in China. Widespread disorder and violence resulted. | Cultural Revolution |
| Mao's disastrous attemmpt to modernize Chinese economy in 1958. | Great Leap forward |
| "Red Cambodia" Radical Communist movement that ruled Cambodia 1975-1978. | Khmer Rouge |
| Liberal Democratic Party conservative party that has dominated postwar Japanese politics. | LDP |
| Communist dominated popular front formed by Ho Chi Minh to establish independent Vietnamese republic | Viet Minh |
| Groups of Japanese companies or trust that had a common ownership dominated the economy prewar Japan. | zaibatsu |
| "apartness' term referring to racist polices white dominate South Africa 1948-1992. | apartheid |
| Major Shi'te religious leader. | ayatollah |
| Samuel P Huntington politcal theory that conflict between world's religious and cultural traditions increasingly dominate world affairs. | clash of civilizations |
| Increasing economic and cultural interdependence of societies around the world. | globilization |
| "shaking" Uprisings by Palestinians against Israel occupation. | intifadah |
| Effort by some Roman Catholic theologians to combine Marxism with traditional Christian concern for poor. | liberation theology |
| Land occupied by Israel as a result of wars in 1948-49, 1967, and 1973. | occupied territories |
| Efforts by US to broker peace between Israel and the PLO. | peace process |
| Marxist guerrilla force that overthrew Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua in 1979. | Sandinists |
| State ruled by religious leaders who claim to govern by divine authority. | theocracy |
| "love feast" A common meal that was part of the central ritual of early Christian worship. | agape |
| Arius of Alexandria 280-336 Jesus was created neither fully man or God something in between. | Arianism |
| Title given Octavian 27 BCE borne by Roman emperors after word. | Augustus |
| "universal" The body of belief held by most Christians enshrined within the church. | Catholic |
| Roman republic official charged with census of citizens and members of Senate. | censor |
| 325 CE Bishops Nicene creed statement of beliefs rejected Arianism. Human and divine | council of Nicea |
| cavalrymen Knights Roman republic who could afford to serve as mounted warriors | equestrians |
| People of Central Italy who exerted most powerful external influence o early Romans. | Etruscans |
| "thanksgiving" Lords supper Holy Communion | Eucharist |
| Persons who believe different than official doctrine of church. | heretics |
| Roman name for liberal arts education. | humanitas |
| victorious roman generals eventually transformed into emperor | imperator |
| Ancient Rome the right to issue commands enforce them by fines arrest corporal or capital punishment. | imperium |
| Large plantations for growing cash crops owned by wealthy Romans. | latifundia |
| Cults of Isis, Mithra, and Osiris which promise salvation to those initiated "mystery" rites. | "mystery" religions |
| Declaration of faith that the Council of Nicaea hoped would be endorsed by all Christians. | Nicene Creed |
| "holding the right opinions" applied to the doctrines of the Catholic church. | orthodox |
| Hereditary upper class of early republican Rome. | patricians |
| Group that was the most strict in adherence to Jewish law. | Pharisee |
| Hereditary lower class of early republican Rome. | plebeians |
| roman politicians who sought political career based on support of the people. | populares |
| The wars between Rome and Carthage for dominance of the western Mediteruuanean 264-146 BCE | Punic Wars |
| In religion, the equating or combining of deities. | syncretism |
| 306-337 CE Diocletian's system for ruling using four men dividing Roman empire territorially. | tetrarchy |
| Elected Roman officials who had to be plebians to protect plebians for power of magistrates. | tribunes |
| Term used to describe the rise, decline, and fall of China's imperial dynasties. | dynastic cycle |
| Arevival of Daoist "mysterious learning" that flourished as a reaction against Confucianism during the Han dynasty | Neo-Daoism |
| Buddhism the attainment of release from the wheel of karma. | nirvana |
| trade route from China to West that stretched across central Asia. | Silk road |
| Buddhist Lord of the Western Paradise, or Pure Land. | Amitabba Buddha |
| A form of Buddhism which taught that Buddha was only a man and exhorted each person to attain enlightenment by his or her own efforts | Zen |
| Branch of the Imperial Chinese government that acted as watchdog to emperor and about emperor | Censorate |
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