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Greece Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| polis | Greek word for "city-state" |
| classical | referring to ancient Greek or Latin language or culture |
| acropolis | high hill in the center of a city-state, often with a fortress on top |
| democracy | type of government in which the people rule themselves |
| aristocrats | wealthy landowners with political power |
| oligarchy | rule by a few, usually aristocrats |
| citizens | people who have the right to participate in government; in Athens, they were free males |
| tyrant | a ruler who gets and keeps his power by use of force |
| mythology | body of stories in a religious tradition, meant to explain how the world works |
| Homer | most famous Greek poet; wrote epic poetry such as The Iliad and The Odyssey |
| Sappho | Greek lyric poet; a woman |
| Aesop | famous Greek writer of fables |
| fables | stories meant to teach a lesson |
| Cyrus the Great | first Persian emperor |
| cavalry | soldiers on horseback |
| Darius I | Persian emperor who invaded Greece |
| Persian Wars | series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire; Greeks won |
| Xerxes I | Persian emperor whose troops defeated Spartans @ Thermopylae, and whose navy was defeated by Athens in Battle of Salamis (end of Persian Wars) |
| alliance | an agreement to work together |
| Peloponnesian War | war between Sparta and other city-states against Athens; response to Athens's abuse of power in the Delian League after the Persian Wars; led to city-states being vulnerable to defeat by Macedonians |
| Philip II | Macedonian conqueror of Greek city-states; passed on his empire to his son, Alexander the Great |
| phalanx | battle formation where soldiers stand in a square in tight rows, holding spears and shields; Alexander the Great improved upon this strategy with much longer spears |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian who built the largest empire the world had ever seen; responsible for spreading Greek culture throughout his empire |
| Hellenistic | "Greek-ish," refers to spread of Greek culture throughout ATG's empire |
| Socrates | famous Greek philosopher |
| Plato | famous Greek philosopher |
| Aristotle | famous Greek philosopher; tutor of Alexander the Great |
| Euclid | Greek mathematician; father of geometry |
| Hippocrates | Greek doctor; father of modern medicine |
Created by:
jfrederick
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