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Notes 4 History
Term | Definition |
---|---|
heresy | belief or opinion that goes against the church. |
Council of Trent | A series of meetings of Catholic church officials that met between 1545 and 1563 at Trent, Italy. The council decided how to respond to the Protestant Reformation and created a plan to do so. |
Index of Forbidden Books | hundreds of books that were banned by the Catholic Church because they were considered heretical |
Roman Inquisition | A court established by the Roman Catholic Church in the thirteenth century to try cases of heresy and other offenses against the church. Those convicted could be handed over to the civil authorities for punishment, including execution. |
Counter (Catholic) Reformation | The response of the Catholic church to reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation |
Patron | a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity. |
humanism | an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. |
Renaissance | The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome |
Northern Renaissance | occurred in Europe north of the Alps. Before 1497, Italian Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy. From the late 15th century, its ideas spread around Europe. |
Johannes Gutenberg | German printer of the fifteenth century, who invented the printing press |
Protestant Reformation | 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. |
Indulgence | the action or fact of indulging. |
95 theses | propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. |
Protestantism | the faith, practice, and church order of the Protestant churches. |
predestination | divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin. |
"the elect" | choose (someone) to hold public office or some other position by voting. |
Jesuits | a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work. |
Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer of the Renaissance period. He has often been called the father of modern political science. |