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Chapter Twenty-Seven
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jiang Jieshi | Leader of the nationalist Guomindang party in China, he was also known as Chiang-Kai Shek |
| Mao Zedong | Leader of the Communist party in China |
| Long March | A 6,000 mile trek through China traveled by Communists to find a safe place beyond Guomindang control |
| Amritsar Massacre | 1919 incident in which British soldiers open fire on unarmed Indian demonstrators, killing 400 people and convincing many Indians that British rule must end |
| Mohandas Ghandi | Leader of nonviolent movement in India against British rule |
| Kemal Ataturk | Leader of the military effort to claim Anatolia for ethnic Turks, which led to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey |
| Credit | An arrangement in which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929, a day when investors sold off 16 million shares of stock, leading to a massive stock market collapse |
| Great Depression | Severe downturn in the American economy that followed the 1929 stock market crash |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | U.S. President elected in 1932 who increased the government's role in the economy and in the daily lives of Americans |
| New Deal | A government program that created jobs, spent more money on welfare and other relief programs, and regulated banking and the stock market |
| John Maynard Keynes | British economist who believed governments could limit or prevent economic downturns by spending money even if this caused an unbalanced budget |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act | A 1930 act that placed heavy taxes on goods imported to the US in order to encourage Americans to buy goods made in the US |
| Manchurian Incident | Plot in which Japanese military leaders, acting independently of the civilian government, took over the Chinese region of Manchuria |
| Manchukuo | A new state under Japanese control, formerly Manchuria |
| Anti-Comintern Pact | Agreement between Germany and Japan to work together to oppose the spread of communism and aid each other in the event of attack by the Soviet Union |
| Nanjing Massacre | Event in which Japanese soldiers murdered 300,000 Chinese men, women, and children after capturing the city of Nanjing |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator whose ideas led to drastic change in government and its view of Italy's role in the world |
| Fascism | Authoritarian form of government that places the good of the nation above all else, including individual needs and rights |
| Totalitarianism | The attempt by a government to control all aspects of life |
| Joseph Stalin | Leader who worked to turn the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state in order to strengthen communism |
| Gulag | A system of labor camps in the Siberian region of the Soviet Union |
| Adolf Hitler | Dictator in Germany who rose to power in the 1930s |
| Nazi Party | Germany's National Socialist Party, the political party of Adolf Hitler |
| Anti-Semitism | Hostility toward or prejudice against Jews |
| Nuremberg Laws | Laws that created separate legal status for German Jews, eliminating their citizenship and many civil property rights |
| Kristallnacht | Night of the Broken Glass, an attack against Jews across Germany that occurred on November 9 and 10, 1938 |
Created by:
annaperrell
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