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Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?
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Tropic hormones
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A&P Ch 17 HW
A& P Ch 17 HW Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| Tropic hormones | stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones. |
| Classify the following as characteristics of the endocrine system | - Communicates by means of hormones - Reacts more slowly to stimuli - May continue responding long after stimulus stops - Adapts relatively slowly |
| Classify the following as characteristics of the nervous system. | - Communicates by means of electrical impulses - Adapts relatively quickly to continual stimulation |
| Classify the following as characteristics of the endocrine system | - Releases hormones into the bloodstream for general distribution - Sometimes has very general effects |
| Classify the following as characteristics of the nervous system. | - Releases neurotransmitters at synapses - Usually has relatively local, special effects - Reacts quickly to stimuli - Stops quickly when stimulus stops |
| Endocrine glands secrete ___________ into the bloodstream, where they travel to specific sites called ___________. | hormones; target tissues |
| A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________. | molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones |
| Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system | may have a longer lasting effect. |
| T/F: Hormones are chemical messengers that are transported by the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in cells of another tissue or organ. | True |
| T/F: In general, the endocrine system has faster results than the nervous system. | False |
| T/F : The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream. | False |
| T/F : Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also called non-insulin dependent diabetes | False |
| T/F : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also called non-insulin dependent diabetes. | True |
| T/F : Type 2 diabetes is much more common than Type 1 diabetes | True |
| T/F : Type 1 diabetes results from increased insulin production. | False |
| T/F : Type 2 diabetes results from the inability of tissues to respond to insulin | True |
| T/F : Type 1 diabetes most often develops in young people | True |
| T/F : Type 2 diabetes usually develops in people under the age of 20. | False |
| The pancreas is mostly composed of groups of cells called | pancreatic acini. |
| Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) would cause the pancreas to _________ insulin secretion, and hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) would cause the pancreas to _________ insulin secretion. | increase; decrease |
| Secretion of insulin causes | a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose. |
| Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? | Pancreas |
| The pancreas has pancreatic islets composed of primarily alpha and beta cells. Alpha cells secrete | glucagon. |
| T/F : One of the primary effects of glucagon in raising blood glucose is glycogenolysis. | True |
| T/F : TRH and TSH function together to decrease the production of T3 and T4. | False |
| T/F : TRH stimulates the secretion of TSH from the anterior pituitary. | True |
| T/F : TSH stimulates the secretion of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland. | True |
| T/F : Increased blood levels of T3 and T4 inhibit TRH and TSH secretion. | True |
| T/F : Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates T3 and T4 synthesis and secretion. | True |
| T/F : T3 and T4 are secreted by thyroid follicles. | True |
| T/F : T3 and T4 are secreted by the parafollicular cells. | False |
| T/F : T3 and T4 are stored in the thyroid follicles as part of thyroglobulin. | True |
| The endocrine gland that is devoted entirely to endocrine activities and has a distinctive butterfly shape is the | thyroid gland. |
| Hypersecretion of growth hormone can lead to a condition called _________, while hyposecretion can lead to a disorder called ___________. | gigantism; pituitary dwarfism |
| The thyroid gland is located ____________ to the larynx and is composed of two lobes connected by a narrow band of tissue called the ___________. | inferior; isthmus |
| The _______ secretes triiodothyronine. | thyroid gland |
| Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to | conserve sodium and excrete potassium. |
| The adrenal medulla secretes | epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| An inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones results in ___________, which is characterized by weight gain and lethargy, while an excess of thyroid hormone secretion results in ____________, which is characterized by weight loss and rapid pulse. | hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism |
| Homeostatic mechanisms controlling growth hormone involve negative feedback by GH and what other hormone? | GHIH |
| The target organ for TRH, GHRH, CRH, GnRH? | Pituitary |
| The target organ for PRL? | Mammary Glands |
| The target organ for LH and FSH? | Testis/Ovaries |
| The target organ for GH and IGF? | Liver, Fat, Muscle, Bone |
| The target organ for TSH? | Thyroid |
| The target organ for ACTH? | Adrenal Ccortex |
| What structure produces Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, and Growth hormone- releasing hormone? | Produced by the hypothalamus |
| What structure produces Follicle-stimulating hormone, Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin), and Growth hormone? | Produced by the Anterior Pituitary |
| What structure produces Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, Prolactin-inhibiting hormone, and Somatostatin? | Produced by the hypothalamus |
| What structure produces Luteinizing hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, and Prolactin? | Produced by the Anterior Pituitary |
| What structure produces PIH and Somatostatin? | Hypothalamus |
| What structure produces ADH? | Posterior Pituitary |
| What structure produces TSH, PRL, and ACTH? | Anterior pituitary |
| What is the secretion site for TRH, CRH, and GnRH? | Hypothalamus |
| What is the secretion site for OT? | Posterior Pituitary |
| What is the secretion site for GH, FSH, LH? | Anterior pituitary |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the | posterior pituitary. |
| Target organs regulate the pituitary through feedback loops. Most often, this takes the form of | negative feedback inhibition. |
| Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the | hypothalamus. |
| Target cells for releasing hormones are in the | anterior pituitary gland. |
| ADH and oxytocin are secreted by | neurosecretory cells. |
| T/F : The thalamus controls secretion of pituitary hormones. | False |
| Indicate this regulation: - In response to a chronic lack of a hormone, the target cell INCREASES the concentration of receptors - Greater response to same magnitude of hormone release | Up regulation |
| Indicate this regulation: - Increased number of testosterone receptors in skeletal muscle following resistance training | Up regulation |
| Indicate this regulation: - In response to chronic abundance of hormone, target cell REDUCES concentration of receptors - decreased sensitivity - decreased response to an increase in hormone | Down Regulation |
| Indicate this regulation: - decreased hormone receptors resulting from chronically high insulin levels | Down Regulation |
| Testosterone is an example of which type of hormone? | Steroid hormone |
| The parathyroid glands are located on the ____________ surface of the thyroid gland. | posterior |
| Hormones display _____________ effects when one hormone enhances the target organ's response to a second hormone that is secreted later. | permissive |
| _____________ hormones bind to nuclear receptors, usually found in the nucleus; _____________ hormones bind to membrane-bound receptors. | Lipid-soluble; water-soluble |
| Chemical messengers that influence the activity of the same cell that releases them are ___________ chemical messengers, while chemical messengers that influence the activity of another cell are ___________ chemical messengers. | autocrine, paracrine |
| An up-regulated cell has an increase in | the number of receptors available for binding. |
| Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to | prolonged increase in the level of a hormone. |
| A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a | long half-life. |
| The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is | melatonin. |
| What is the name of the endocrine mode of reflex stimulation that releases hormone(s) due to direct stimulation from changing levels of nutrients or ions in the blood? | Humoral stimulation |
| Polypeptide hormones, such as FSH and TSH, and biogenic amine hormones, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are all considered ____________ hormones. | protein |
| Local hormones are a large group of signaling molecules of which the primary type are called | eicosanoids. |
| __________ hormones are not attached to a carrier protein and are able to exit the blood and bind to cellular receptors. | Unbound (free) |
| Hormone ___________ is the process that deals with enzymatic degradation of hormones and removal of the hormone from the blood by excretion or uptake into the target cells. | elimination |
| The amount of time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration within the blood to one-half of what had been secreted originally is called | half-life. |
| After eating a meal, blood sugar levels | increase |
| Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to | return to about normal. |
| In Type I diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because | no insulin is released. |
| In Type II diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because | muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal. |
| The treatment for Type I diabetes always includes | insulin. |
| Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to | return to about normal. |
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