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Pathology Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fungus likes to grow in what kind of environment? | -warm -moist -dark |
| Which sanitation guideline IS NOT true? 1. Wash and dry hands thoroughly before and after each massage. 2. Reusable Gloves are to be worn any time the therapist has an open wound on the hands. 3. Disinfecting equipment and supplies is a good practice. 4. | 2 = False Correction = Disposable Gloves are to be worn any time the therapist has an open wound on the hands. |
| What are the MOST IMPORTANT intake questions for your cancer patient? | 1. What type of cancer do you have? 2. What treatment are you undergoing for your cancer treatment? 3. What are your current signs and symptoms? |
| What is the first thing that the therapist must do before anything else when treating a client with cancer, regardless of stage, treatments, prognosis, signs or symptoms? | Obtain permission from their doctor. |
| What is Metastasizing? | Spreading of cancer cells from primary site to distant sites. |
| List in order of Most Common to Least Common Skin Cancers. | 1. MOST COMMON = Basal Cell Carcinoma 2. SOMEWHAT COMMON = Squamous cell Carcinoma 3. LEAST COMMON = Malignant Melanoma |
| List in order skin cancers from least severe to most severe. | 1. LEAST SEVERE = Basal Cell Carcinoma 2. SOMEWHAT SEVERE = Squamous Cell Carcinoma 3. MOST SEVERE = Malignant Melanoma |
| What is the Mode of Growth for benign tumors? | -slow -encapsulated -cells adhere together |
| What is the Microscopic Examination Of Benign tumors? | -appear normal -well differentiated -resemble tissue of origin |
| What is the spread of benign tumors? | Remain localized |
| What are some other properties of benign tumors? | -no tissue destruction -smooth -freely moveable -not prone to hemorrhage |
| What is the Mode of Growth for Malignant tumors? | -rapid -invades surrounding tissues |
| What is the microscopic examination of malignant tumors? | -vary in size shape and color -abnormal appearance -abnormal function/ serve no purpose |
| What is the spread of malignant tumors? | -metastasis -carried by blood and Lymphatics -secondary tumors develop |
| What are some other properties of malignant tumors? | -ulceration/ necrosis -prone to hemorrhage -irregular in shape and size - non moveable |
| What is recurrence rate of benign tumors? | Recurrence rare after excision |
| What is the recurrence rate of malignant tumors? | Recurrence is Common |
| The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is known to cause what type of cancer? | Cervical Cancer |
| What is the definition of a lesion? | Any deviation from the norm. |
| What are the Massage considerations for Psoriasis and Eczema? | Adjust pressure over the area as they are sensitive. |
| Should you massage someone presenting with Shingles? | No, shingles is contraindicated until the client is completely healed. |
| What is the Etiology (causative factor) Of Impetigo and Acne? | Bacteria |
| What is the etiology (causative factor) Of Athleteâs Foot and Ringworm? | Fungus |
| What is the Etiology (causative factor) Of Warts and Cold Sores? | Virus |
| Is HEMOPHILIA a genetic or acquired cardiovascular disorder? | Genetic. |
| What condition develops from ischemia to myocardial cells? | Angina Pectoris, leading to Myocardial Infarction. |
| What is a Thromboembolism? | Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombosis) that has been dislodged from another site (embolism). |
| What is a Pulmonary Embolism? | Sudden obstruction of a major blood vessel in the lung by a blood clot (thrombosis) that has been dislodged from another site (embolism). |
| How is a Thromboembolism and a Pulmonary Embolism related? | A Thromboembolism originated in the deep veins of the lower extremities and in complications may travel to the lungs becoming a Pulmonary Embolism. |
| How is Hypertension (high blood pressure) defined? | -blood pressure persistently above 140/90 -only the systolic blood pressure above 140 -only the diastolic blood pressure above 90 |
| How is the average âNormal blood pressureâ defined? | 120/80 |
| The D.A.S.H. diet, exercise and medications are treatments recommended for what cardiovascular condition? | Hypertension or High blood pressure |
| What are Hemorrhoids? | Varicose veins located In the anus or rectum. |
| What are the 3 main causes of a Myocardial Infarction/ Heart Attack? | 1. Atherosclerosis (coronary) 2. Vasospasm (causes ischemia) 3. Embolus (traveling thrombosis/blood clot) |
| What are the symptoms of Osteoarthritis? | -progressive damage and eventual loss of articular cartilage. -stiffness, and decreased ROM become more severe. -Bouchard Nodes or Heberden Nodes are classic signs. |
| What are the characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis? | -Autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory, and systemic type of arthritis in which joint synovial membranes are destroyed. -hand deformities, such as ulnar deviation, swan neck deformity, and boutonnière deformity |
| What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis? | -the course of disease is marked by exacerbations and remissions. -begins with general inflammation, fever, fatigue, stiffness, aching. -over time affected joints become deformed and joint motion is lost. |
| Which gender does Rheumatoid Arthritis more commonly affect? | Women |
| What is the abnormal layer of fibrovascular or granulated tissue that forms in the joint affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis after the synovial membrane has been destroyed called? | Pannus |
| What is the disease that is most commonly associated with post-menopausal women? | Osteoporosis |
| What are the crystals associated with gout formed of? | Uric acid |
| What are the most common signs and symptoms of gouty arthritis? | -excruciating pain at the base of the great toe. -skin is red, swollen, hot and painful. |
| A rash that resembles a target symbol or a bulls-eye is related to which condition? | Lyme Disease |
| What are they signs and symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy? | -loss of strength. -lack of coordination. -progressive deformity. -eventually becomes a disability. |
| Define Osteopenia | Less than 30% reduction of bone mass. |
| Define osteoporosis | More than 30% of bone density lost. |
| Define Osteomyelitis | A bone infection caused by bacteria. |
| What are the Massage considerations of Fibromyalgia? | Massage is indicated and should be tailored to the clients specific presenting symptoms. |
| How do you approach a client with Ehlar-Danos syndrome and Marfanâs syndrome? | -medical clearance needed -no joint mobilization or traction. -no deep pressure |
| Define Subluxation | Bone contact is partially lost. |
| Define Dislocation | Bone leaves joint completely and usually involves damage to the surrounding structures. |
| What precautions should you take when massaging a client with Volkmannâs Contracture? | |
| What are the characteristics of Cerebral Palsy? | -impaired muscle tone, posture, movement and speech. -NOT Contagious |
| What are the Massage considerations of Cerebral Palsy | -massage should focus on muscle tone and proprioception. -be sensitive to non-verbal communication. |
| What is Dystonia? | Chronic condition of continuous or intermittent muscle contractions that causing twisting of the body into abnormal postures. |
| What are the symptoms of Meningitis? | Mimics the flu and progresses rapidly. Throbbing headaches, chills, fever, sensitivity to light, muscle pain, nausea, STIFF NECK, confusion. BRUISE LIKE RASH. |
| What are characteristics of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? | Unrelenting fatigue, with no identifiable cause, lasting a minimum of 6 months. Signs and symptoms mimicking influenza. |
| What are the Massage considerations for Influenza and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. | Influenza = Massage not recommended. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = Massage is indicated. Reduce time and pressure. |
| What are the Massage considerations/treatment options for a client with Asthma? | Avoid allergens and triggers. Have medications handy. Pay specific attention to muscles of inspiration to improve efficiency of breathing and reduce fatigue. |
| Is tuberculosis contagious? | Yes |
| What is sleep apnea? | The temporary cessation Of breathing or absence of spontaneous breathing during sleep. |
| Which disease are âPink Puffersâ associated with? | Advanced Emphysema leading to COPD |
| What are the Signs and Symptoms of Advanced Emphysema? | -reddish complexion -breath through pursed lips - âpink puffersâ |
| Which disease are âBlue Bloatersâ associated with? | Chronic Bronchitis leading to COPD |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis? | |
| What is the cause of edema? | Accumulation of fluids caused by a sluggish or overloaded lymph transport system into the surrounding tissues. |
| What is an infection of the lymphangions? | Lymphangions are lymphatic vessels and lymphatic capillaries. Lymphangitis. |
| What is an infection of the lymph nodes? | Lymphadenitis or lymphadenopathy |
| What are Massage considerations for lymphedema? | -avoid vigorous massage to the affected area. -elevate the affected area. -do NOT Massage distal to the affected area. |
| Name the type of Hyperthyroidism. | Graveâs Disease |
| Name the 3 types of hypothyroidism. | -MyXedema -Cretinism -Hashimotoâs Thyroiditis |
| Which type of thyroidism is an endocrine disorder and an autoimmune disease? | Graveâs Disease |
| Which Thyroid condition is considered congenital? | Cretinism. |
| Which virus causes Infectious Mononucleosis? | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) |
| What is the main characteristic of Diabetes Mellitus? | The insufficient production or reception of Insulin. |
| Which Diabetes is known as Type 1 diabetes? | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| Which Diabetes is associated with the insufficient production of Antidiuretic Hormone? | Diabetes Insipidus. |
| What should you do with a diabetic client that is feeling a little dizzy, disoriented, or âcold and clammyâ? | It is within our parameters to offer something sweet. |
| What are Massage considerations for a client with a diabetic neuropathy? | -a lighter than normal pressure should be used on the areas affected. -the client may not be aware that they have one. -you should ask the client if theyâve noticed any reduced sensations. |
| Which can be impaired by or caused by diabetes? | Vision, kidney disease, ulcers, gangrene, amputations, cardiovascular disease, neuropathies. |
| What are appropriate Massage considerations when massaging a client with anxiety or depression. | -working through clothes may be a suitable option. -giving a chair massage may be a suitable option. -leaving the door open during the Massage May be suitable for some sessions. |
| What are appropriate Massage considerations for a client with bipolar disorder. | -treatment should be relaxed and nurturing. -treatment should not be vigorous and reduce the treatment time if the client is fatigued. -be prepared to take a c o fort break or stop the session early if the client is feeling emotionally overwhelmed. |
| What are appropriate Massage considerations for a client with PTSD? | Ask the client of any known triggers and eliminate these triggers as to not cause the client any anxiety. Use a heavier than usual draping material and avoid a vigorous or aggressive massage. |
| What are appropriate Massage considerations for a client with constipation? | -Modify according to cause. -abdominal massage recommended -circular gliding strokes, kneading, vibration, supine/semi reclined. |
| What are some characteristics of Celiac Disease? | -hypersensitivity to gluten with destruction of the intestinal villi. -reduced appetite, intermittent diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, flatulence, bloating and dermatitis. -massage is indicated. |
| What are some characteristics of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | âHeartburnâ âBurning feeling in the lower, middle chest areaâ |
| Describe Cholelithiasis | Formation and presence of gallstones in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen in the gallbladder, cystic or bile duct. |
| What are the terms used to describe âKidney Stones?â | Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis, Renal Lithiasis |
| What is the primary/most common cause of Peptic Ulcers? | Helicobacter pylori bacteria |
| Chronâs Disease age range | 10 to 30 years old. |
| Is family history common with Chronâs disease | Yes |
| What part of the Intestine does Chronâs disease affect? | Terminal Ileum and right side of large intestine. Affects the entire intestinal wall. |
| How would you categorize Chronâs Disease? | Gastrointestinal pathology, inflammatory, autoimmune |
| Is Chronâs Disease segmental or diffuse? | Segmental |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Chronâs Disease? | Cobblestone appearance with âskip lesionsâ, abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, decreased appetite, weight loss, fever, fatigue, hemorrhoids. |
| Name a few common characteristics of Chronâs Disease. | Obstructions, Wall thickening |
| What is an important Massage consideration involving both Chronâs Disease and ulcerative colitis? | Avoid abdomen |
| Ulcerative Colitis age range? | Age 20-40 |
| Is a family history of ulcerative colitis common? | Yes |
| Which part of the intestine does ulcerative colitis affect? | Inflammation of the colon beginning in the rectum and moving proximally. Affecting the Mucosal Layer. |
| How would you categorize ulcerative colitis? | Gastrointestinal, inflammatory, autoimmune |
| Is ulcerative colitis segmental or diffuse? | Diffuse |
| What are the signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis? | Diarrhea, rectal bleeding, bloody stools, nausea, abdominal pain, dehydration, fatigue, weight loss, hemorrhoids |
Created by:
tteakles
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