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Chapter Sixteen
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Caraval | A light, fast sailing ship with a rubber and lateen sails |
| Henry the Navigator | Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; he made no voyages himself but spent his life directing voyages of discovery along African coast |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese navigator, in 1497-1499, he became the first European to sail around Africa and reach India by sea |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer, sailing for Spain, who reached the Americas in 1492 while searching for a western sea route from Europe to Asia |
| Ferdinand Magellan | First explorer to attempt to circumnavigate the globe; while he was killed on the way, some of his sailors completed his journey |
| Circumnavigate | Travel completely around the world |
| Sir Francis Drake | English explorer, second man to circumnavigate the globe |
| Encomienda | Spanish system in which a colonist received and Native American workers to whom he was required to teach Christianity |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer and conqueror of Mexico's Aztec empire |
| Conquistador | Spanish term for conqueror; name for Spanish military leaders who fought against the native peoples of the Americas |
| Moctezuma || | Aztec emperor at the time of Cortes's conquest of Mexico |
| Fransisco Pizarro | Conqueror of Inca Empire in Peru for the Spanish |
| Atahualpa | Ruler of Inca Empire, killed by Spanish invaders led by Pizarro |
| Viceroys | Officials who ruled large areas of Spain's American colonies in the king's name |
| Bartlome de Las Casas | Spanish priest who criticized treatment of Native Americans, suggesting that slaves from Africa be used as laborers instead |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty signed in 1493 dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary line |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases due to contact between the peoples of Europe and the Americas |
| Mercantilism | The European economic policy that called for nations to gain wealth in order to build a strong military and expand influence |
| Balance of Trade | The amount of goods sold by a country against those purchased from other countries; a favorable balance of trade meant selling more good than were bought |
| Subsidies | Grants of money given by governments for purposes such as helping people start new businesses |
| Capitalism | Economic system in which private individuals rather than governments perform most of the economic activity, with the goal of making a profit |
| Joint-Stock Company | A company in which investors buy shares of stock, receiving a portion of the profits, but only losing the amount of their investment if it failed |
| Plantations | Estates in the Americas where cash crops were grown on a large scale |
| Triangular Trade | Trading network that brought goods from Europe to Africa to be traded for slaves, took the slaves to the Americas to be sold, then brought American goods back to Europe |
| Middle Passage | Name for the second leg of the triangle, bringing captive Africans to the Americas, where they will be sold as slaves |
| Olaudah Equiano | African who wrote abut the horrific conditions Africans endured on Middle Passage voyages |
| African Diaspora | The spread of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe as a result of the slave trade, eventually spreading African culture throughout the Western world |
| Henry Hudson | Dutch sailor who looked unsuccessfully for the Northwest Passage and explored the river that is now named after him |
Created by:
annaperrell
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