click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 10 Vocab.
Nationalism Triumphs in Europe
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Otto von Bismarck | a leader from Prussia who succeeding in unifying German-speaking states under Prussian rule |
chancellor | the highest official of a monarch |
Realpolitik | realistic politics based on the needs of the state |
annex | to take control of, usually referring to land |
kaiser | emperor |
Reich | German word meaning empire or nation |
Kulturkampf | the “battle for civilization” in which Bismarck took several measures to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the Church |
William II | the kaiser of Germany beginning in 1888, who asked Bismarck to resign |
social welfare | programs to help certain groups of people in a society |
Camillo Cavour | a politician who worked to unify Italy |
Giuseppe Garibaldi | a nationalist military leader who worked with Cavour to create an unified Italy |
anarchist | person who wants to abolish all government |
emigration | movement away from one’s homeland |
Francis Joseph | Hapsburg emperor of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary |
Ferenc Deák | a moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out the compromise that created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary |
Dual Monarchy Dual Monarchy | an agreement that made Austria and Hungary different states with their own constitutions and parliaments, but with shared ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs |
colossus | – a giant |
Alexander II | – ruler of Russia who came to the throne in 1855; responsible for some reforms in Russia, but was eventually assassinated by radicals |
Crimean War | – a war that broke out when Russia invaded Ottoman lands along the Danube; ended in Russian defeat |
emancipation | – the act of freeing someone, usually from slavery or serfdom |
zemstvo | – an elected assembly in Russia that was responsible for road repair, schools, and agriculture at a local level |
pogrom | – a violent mob attack on Jewish people |
refugees | – people who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere |
Duma | – an elected national legislature in Russia |
Peter Stolypin – | prime minister appointed by Tsar Nicholas to restore order through arrests, pogroms, and execution; attempted reforms but was ultimately assassinated |