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Chapter 9 Vocabulary
World History Industrialism and a New Global Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alfred Nobel | a Swedish chemist who invented dynamite in 1866 |
| Michael Faraday | an English chemist who created the first electric motor in the 1800s |
| dynamo | a machine that is used to generate electricity |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright | American bicycle makers who designed and flew an airplane in 1903, ushering in the air age. |
| Guglielmo Marconi | an Italian inventor who developed the radio in the 1890s |
| stock | shares of a company |
| corporation | business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment. |
| Cartel | a group of companies that join together to control the production and price of a product. |
| germ theory | the idea that certain microbes cause specific infectious diseases |
| Louis Pasteur | a French chemist who showed the link between microbes and disease and developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax |
| Robert Koch | a German doctor who identified the bacterium that caused tuberculosis |
| Florence Nightingale | an army nurse in the Crimean War who worked to introduce sanitary measures in British hospitals and founded the world’s first school of nursing |
| Joseph Lister | the English surgeon who discovered how antiseptics prevent infection |
| urban renewal | the process of fixing up the poor areas of a city |
| mutual-aid society | a self-help group formed to aid sick or injured workers |
| standard of living | a measure of the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society. |
| cult of domesticity | a message put forth by books, magazines, and popular songs that idealized women and the home |
| temperance movement | a campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | a reformer who helped organize a movement for women’s rights |
| women’s suffrage | women’s right to vote |
| Sojourner Truth | an African American suffragist ( working for voting rights ) |
| John Dalton | an English Quaker schoolteacher who developed modern atomic theory in the early 1800s, showing that each element has its own kind of atoms |
| Charles Darwin | the British naturalist who in 1859 published On the Origin of Species, in which he set forth the theory of evolution through natural selection |
| racism | the belief that one racial group is superior to another |
| social gospel | a movement that urged Christians to social service |
Created by:
Falcon86tn
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