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APWH STEARNS

CHAPTER 6 THE FIRST GLOBAL CIVILIZATION: THE RISE of ISLAM

QuestionAnswer
bedouin Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.
Mecca City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam.
Medina Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra).
Umayyad Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam.
umma Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity.
zakat Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims.
five pillars The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj.
caliph The political and religious successor to Muhammad.
Ali Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'is.
Abu Bakr The first caliph.
jihad Islamic holy war.
Sunnis Political and theological division within Islam; followers of the Umayyads.
Shi'is Political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali.
mawali Non-Arab converts to Islam.
jizya Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories.
dhimmi Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus.
Abbasid Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 c.e.
wazir Chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of empire.
Created by: mcdougcf
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