Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch.4
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
| term | Functions |
|---|---|
| THC | interferes with concentration and memory, alters visual and auditory perception, and distorts perceptions of the passage of time |
| THC | decreases pressure within the eyes in patients with glaucoma, and reduces the symptoms of certain motor disorders |
| THC | stimulates cannabinoid receptors located in specific regions of the brain. |
| Benzodiazepines | indirect agonist for the GABA(A) receptor reduce anxiety, promote sleep, reduce muscle seizure activity, produce muscle relaxation |
| Acetylocholine (ACh) | Generally facilitative effects All muscular movement is accomplished by (ACh) release Also found in the autonomic nervous system In the cerebral cortex-facilitate learning (especially perceptual learning) modulating functions of the hippocampus |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) | composed of choline and acetate |
| Acetylcholinergic neurons | neurons in the pons play a role in REM sleep |
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) | Breaks apart the acetylcholine molecule into Acetate ion and Choline molecule by way of an enzyme - choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) |
| 2 drugs that effect ACh | Botulinum toxin (Botox) - antagonist - prevents release by terminal buttons Black Widow spider venom - agonist - poison triggers release of ACh |
| 2 types of ACh receptors | Nicotinic and Muscarinic |
| Nicotinic receptors | ionotropic blocked by curare (used as a muscle relaxer) |
| Muscarinic receptor | metabotropic blocked by atropine |
| atropine | blocks muscarinic receptors |
| curare | blocks nicotinic receptors |
| Dopamine | produces both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (based on receptor type) |
| Cocaine & Methylphenidate (Ritalin) | agonist- block the reuptake of dopamine |
| Chlorpromazine | antagonist-blocks dopamine D2 receptors-reduces symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Amphetamine | agonist- causes the release of more dopamine and NE into the synapse |
| Lysergic Acid | LSD, stimulates 5-HT(2A) receptors in forebrain and produces distortions of visual perceptions |
| MDMA | Ecstasy- both NE and 5-HT agonist(has both excitatory and hallucinogenic effects) causes release and inhibits its reuptake can damage serotonergic neurons causing cognitive deficits |
| MDMA | treatment for PTSD and anxiety disorders |
| LSD | improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's cluster headaches |
| Psilocybin | treatment for OCD reducing anxiety, depression and physical pain in people with advanced cancer |
| serotonergic transmission (hallucinogenic) | LSD, MDMA, Psilocybin ('shrooms) |
| opiates | refers to drug (produced outside the body) |
| opiate receptors stimulated | 1.produces analgesia 2.inhibits species-typical defensive responses such as fleeing and hiding 3.stimulates a system of neurons involved in reinforcement ("reward") |
| caffeine | blocks adenosine receptors and produces excitatory effects |
| adenosine | released by astrocytes when neurons in the brain are short of fuel or oxygen; serves as a neuromodulator in the brain(amount in brain increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep) |
| Fluoxetine (Prozac) | inhibits the reuptake of serotonin used to treat depression, anxiety disorders and OCD |
| Nucleosides | (ex. caffeine and adenosine)produce inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; generally inhibitory effects on behavior |
| Neuropeptides | Endogenous opioids |
| Endogenous opioids | class of peptides secreted by the brain that act as opiates |
| Peptides | consist of two or more amino acids linked together synthesis occurs in soma and transported to terminal buttons in vesicles released from all parts of the terminal button and can act of receptors belonging to other cells in the vicinity |
| Diphenhydramine | example of a drug that blocks histamine receptors cause drowsiness |
Created by:
Dalea
Popular Neuroscience sets