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Ch 12 Western Europe
AP WH Student Generated Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compare social classes in South Asia and Europe | both had hierarchies, but European Feudalism allowed for more social mobility than the caste system in India |
| How did the Catholic & Orthodox churches impact Europe? | the Catholic church had great power of people's lives in the feudal system; the Orthodox church converted Slavic peoples & Russians |
| Explain the 3-Field System | a system of crop rotation: one part grew food, second part grew beans to add nitrogen, third part lay fallow (unused) to regain its fertility |
| Explain the Code of Chivalry | a code of honor by which knights were expected to train for battle, resolve disputes peacefully, and display proper etiquette in public |
| List 2 impacts the Catholic Church had on education & literacy | it created universities to teach religious leaders; it sent missionaries to convert and preach in the vernacular languages of the common people (English, Spanish, French, Italian, German) |
| What caused the rise of the middle class? | the growth in commerce towards the end of the middle ages led to a small bourgeoisie class focused on trade rather than religious ideals |
| What led to the population growth in Western Europe? | by 1200, Viking raids declined as they settled in Europe; agriculture methods improved (3-field) causing surplus food and a rise in trade led to movement to towns |
| How did a women's affiliation in religion impact their rights? | being part of a religious order (convent) allowed women (nuns) to demonstrate their administrative and artistic skills |
| What role did churches have in education? | only the religious officers received formal schooling and scholarships |
| What was European urban life like? | streets were unsanitary, people would dump raw sewage in the streets, cities were overcrowded and disease and fires were constant threats |
| Explain two similarities between the Carolingian & Tang Dynasty | they both used religion to legitimize their rule and both attempted to control the noble class with regional administrators |
| Explain two differences between the Carolingian & Tang Dynasty | Europeans had no civil service exam due to a lack of focus on education; Catholicism was more religious than Confucianism |
| What contributions did the Viking innovations bring? | Viking long ships allowed for more distant travel inland up rivers and streams |
| Compare the Viking invasions to the Magyar invasions | Vikings invaded from the north, Magyars from the East; both led to territorial loss of the Roman & Byzantine empires |
| Compare the political instability of Western Europe with South Asia during the middle ages | both lacked strong central governments to unite the regions poitically |
| What was a major political achievement of the Normans conquering England? | The Normans were descendants of Vikings who practiced a version of the Parliament. The English nobles forced King John I to sign the Magna Carta, which limited the rights of a monarch |
| Compare the governments of the Holy Roman Empire with Norman England | The HR Empire was ruled by an emperor while English monarchs shared power with the House of Lords & Commons |
| What effect did the Crusades have on Global Trade and Population | they increased the demand for goods from Asia, inspiring the growth of trade; Italian city-states grew wealthy from the Crusades; flea-infested rats brought the bubonic plague to Europe |
| What were 3 social conditions influenced by the Renaissance? | commerce, gender roles, and class relations |
| contrast the 1st & 4th Crusades | 1st- captured Jerusalem, victory for Christendom; 4th- sacked Constantinople, never made it to the Holy Lands |
| Compare Daoism to Humanism | both sought to achieve harmony with nature or humans rather than with a deity |
| Compare Renaissance art with Greek Culture | the theatre was part of both, with some religious influence |
| What led to the rise of Nationalism? | the printing press led to an increase in vernacular languages of the people, literature, art, and culture that reflected each region's history |
| List 3 authors who influenced middle age literature | Copernicus, Erasmus, Dante, Chaucer |
| In what era did Humanism arise? | the Renaissance |
| What did Charlemagne promote to help his empire rise? | church based education and regional administrators |
| What did the Battle of Tours and Crusades have in common? | they both were European military actions to stop Muslim advance |
| After the fall of Rome, what 3 invaders challenged the European kingdoms? | Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims |
| What characteristics defined the Dark Ages | learning was abandoned except for the church, cities were abandoned, trade declined, roads fell into disrepair, barter replaced use of coinage, |
| describe manoral life | vassals owed service to lords on self-sufficient manors |
| describe the 4 social levels by hierarchy, highest to lowest | king, lord, knight, serf |
| what was the relationship of vassal to lord based on? | the vassals owed service to the lord in exchange for land and protection |
| describe gender roles for women in the middle ages | women were not educated, nor had property rights, but could participate in religious orders and guilds |
| How did Avicenna contribute to learning in Europe | he is the father of modern medicine with his works translated into Latin to teach medical students |
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wm0397
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