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Animal Health Hormon

TermDefinition
Homeostatis Maintaining the body’s internal environment in a steady state despite a wide range of environmental conditions
Homeostatic Systems (2 points) Nervous system Endocrine system
Receptor (2 points) Neuron that senses changes in the environment (stimulus) Sends nerve impulses or chemical signals (inputs) to control centre
Control centre (2 points) -Sets range of values which must be maintained -Evaluates inputs from receptors – Generates output commands/responses – Typically nerve impulses, hormones, chemical signals
Effector (2 points) – Receives signal from control centre – Produces response/effect that changes controlled condition
Negative Feedback system Reverses/counteracts a change caused by a stimulus Minimises/eliminates effects of stimulus Reestablishing homoeostasis
Positive feedback systems Strengthens/reinforces a change caused by a stimulus
How does the endocrine system maintains homoeostasis Regulates activity and growth of target cells in the body Hormones regulate metabolism
Hormones (5 points) Chemical messenger molecules Secreted into circulatory system Communicate regulatory messages Act on distant target cells Present in blood, milk, urine
Classes of hormones(5 points) 1) Peptide -Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 2)Polypeptides (<100 peptides)- Adrenaline 3)Protein hormones (>100 peptides) - Prolactin 4)Amines (Derived from tyrosine and tryptophan) - Seratonin 5)Steroids(lipophillic) - Testosterone
Endocrine glands Secrete directly into Extracellular fluid and travel via the blood stream (internally)
Exocrine glands Secrete into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering/lining Eg. Mucus, sweat, oil, earwax, saliva, digestive enzymes
Ectocrine signalling The hormone is secreted in to the environment e.g. pheromones
GnRH Gonadotropin- Hypothalamus- Stimulates FSH, LH release
GNRH Growth Hormone Releaseing Hormone - Hypothalamus- Stimulates GH release
Oxytocin Posterior pituitary- Stimulates utherine contraction, milk let down
Glucocorticoids Adrenal Cortex- Essential for normal response to stress
Epinephrine /Norepinephrine Adrenal Medulla-Augments sympathetic response to stress by actions on several organs
Melatonin Pineal Gland - Regulates sleep
Testosterone Testes - sperm production
Oestradiol, progesterone Ovaries - Stimulates utherine lining
Created by: MarkA0845
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