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Hist Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Shang Dynasty | 1500-1027 B.C |
| Shang Dynasty | succeeded in taking over 18 hundred city states |
| Shang Dynasty | possessed art of bronze working and had a system of writing composed of signs |
| Shang Dynasty | city government developed well |
| Shang Dynasty | priest were important and advisees King and Queens and made sacrifices to their ancestors |
| Shang Dynasty | possessed a calendar |
| Shang Dynasty | crafted specialization in urban center |
| Shang Dynasty | dynasty ended in 1027 |
| Chou Dynasty | ca 1027-256 B.C |
| Chou Dynasty | conquered Shang Dynasty |
| Chou Dynasty | most memorable for their poetry and laws were written down, and market places increased a money economy appeared |
| Chou Dynasty | great advances in craft and agriculture: plows and fertilizer |
| Chou Dynasty | iron started to displace bronze for tools and weapons |
| Chou Dynasty | had the great Chinese scholar Confucius |
| Ch' in Dynasty | cas 318-210 B.C |
| Ch' in Dynasty | expanded control of food production area in Szachuan |
| Ch' in Dynasty | established huge system of irrigation |
| Ch' in Dynasty | dug canal 100 miles long |
| Ch' in Dynasty | food was produced in large amounts |
| shih huamg-ti | First Emperor |
| shih huamg-ti | ca 222 B.C |
| shih huamg-ti | government established led all the way up to the 20th century |
| shih huamg-ti | 221 B.C decreed the whole country needed to be divided into 41 military sections |
| shih huamg-ti | custom, laws, weights, measures all standardized |
| shih huamg-ti | even axils of wheels were standardized |
| shih huamg-ti | 222 B.C began construction on tree road |
| shih huamg-ti | Great Wall of China North combined |
| shih huamg-ti | first time we have this bull separating the world which built wall to keep them out |
| shih huamg-ti | standardize the writing (many forms of writing |
| shih huamg-ti | he decided that the existing literature was too worshipping of the other life so he burned all of them |
| shih huamg-ti | 460 men put to death |
| shih huamg-ti | people he valued were left alone |
| shih huamg-ti | 210 B.C he died |
| Han Dynasty | 202 B.C. - 9 A.D |
| Han Dynasty | imperial age |
| Han Dynasty | great intellectual achievement: sun dyles, water clock, developed calendar was in general used till 1947 |
| Han Dynasty | sun spots - 28 B.C. |
| Han Dynasty | discovered the orbit of the moon |
| Han Dynasty | invented seismograph (earthquake detector) |
| Han Dynasty | Chinese scholar said that average 1 moon eclipse and eclipse are regular |
| Aegean | their earliest civilization called Minoan |
| Aegean | centered on the island of Crete |
| Aegean | capital was Kmossos |
| Aegean | people appeared about 2,000 B.C |
| Aegean | were traders: dominated trade in eastern med |
| Aegean | very advanced: royal palace was estivated; had running water; walls were painted beautifully |
| Aegean | ended abruptly in 1450 B.C |
| Aegean | Legend of Atlantis |
| there was a volcanic eruption on a neighboring island called Thera and it made a massive tsunami which hit Crede which destroyed the cities | what really happened to the island of Crede |
| Greece | the mycenaeans or called the achaeans moved here in 2,000 B.C |
| mycenaeans or called the achaeans | by 1600 B,C had established multiple cities and kingdoms |
| mycenaeans or called the achaeans | were traders traded all around the med while establishing colonies around med and turned them into cities |
| mycenaeans or called the achaeans | these people moved into Crede and tried to take over konosses but earthquake took over |
| mycenaeans or called the achaeans | very war- like widespread of warfare among each other in city states |
| 750 B.C | when was the dark ages in Greek history |
| Dark Ages | time when Homer composed epic tales The Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Nobility | 750 B.C was when who took control of the tribal Kings |
| Common People | once the nobility took over life became harder for these people |
| colonies | 750-550 greeks set what through out med |
| Sparta | what are the two important city states that Greece Developed |
| Sparta | located in Peloponnesus |
| Sparta | concentrated on conquering and enslaving neighboring cities |
| Sparta | didn't allow travel or trade (were afraid of new ideas) |
| Sparta | warrior society |
| Sparta | no place for weaklings |
| Sparta | babies that were deformed where placed into the wilderness for death |
| Sparta | young boys were made into military weapons removed from homes at young age |
| Sparta | the boy with the fox story |
| Sparta | formed allies with other city states |
| Sparta | hated democracy |
| Ionian | 499 B.C |
| Ionian | revolted against Persians |
| Ionian | asked Athens for help |
| Ionian | sent 20 ships and helped the Ionians fight the Persians |
| Plain of Marathon | Persians v Athens meet and were battling Athens won the victory |
| Darrius 1 | who led the Persians in the plain of marathon |
| Xerxes | who led the Persians 10 years later |
| Darrius 1 | who won the rebellion of Ionian vs Persians |
| athens and sparta | who became allies against the Persians |
| Pass of Thermapyla | 300 spartans and Athens held off army for three days until a traitor of Greece showed Persians a backpay which led to the Athens and spartans to be slaughtered |
| Bay of Salamis | Greek ships destroyed Persian fleet 359 ships and greeks destroyed 200 of them which let to Persians to withdraw |
| Battle of PLataea | 479 B.C Persians were defeated which ended the Persian wars |
| Ionian | in 478 B.C athens renewed hostility with persians until they freed the ( ) |
| Delian League | Athens was the leading naval allies and allies came together and called themselves the |
| Delian League | enabled the Greeks to expel persians out of Agion sea leaving Athens in control |
| no longer necessary | the city states believed that the league needed to be what |
| Delian League | Athens wanted to keep what |
| Spartans and allies | this led to relationship between who to go bad with Athens |
| imperialism | worries arouse about Athens what |
| Pericles | Leader of Athens (494-429) |
| Sparta | in 459 B.C Athens went to war with who |
| Peloponnesian War | 431-404 B.C what war occurred |
| very destructive | according to Athens general Thucydides the Peloponnesian War was |
| plague | in 429 the Persians leader died from the |
| Alcilrideis | new leader of Athens was named (during Peloponnesian War |
| Alcilrideis | his schemes brought defeat upon Athens |
| Alcilrideis | who doubled cross both spartans and persians |
| Spartans | who won the Peloponnesian War |
| Greece | after ( ) went through a state of decline |
| Herodotus | father of History 485-425 B.C wrote factual events of what he saw in Middle East |
| Macedonia | country relatives of Greeks |
| King Phillip II | Macedonia's king |
| King Phillip II | made Macedonia into a powerful state |
| King Phillip II | combined Macedonian calvary (mounted troops) with Greek Phalanx (formation of soldiers) |
| greek formation of soldiers | What is a phalanx |
| Macedonians | need up conquering many places and started making Athens nervous |
| Phillip II and they were deafened | Athens and Thebes got together to oppose who and what was the outcome |
| Greece | Phillip went and conquered all of |
| assassination of Phillip II | 336 B.C who died |
| Alexander Phillips son | 336-323 B.C became leader after Phillip II |
| Alexander the Great | Conquered Asia Minor, capital of persian empire and kept going |
| Indus River | after crossing what did Alexanders army refuse to go any further |
| missed their home and their families | why did soldier turn back with Alexander |
| he died on the way back home now one knows why | how did Alexander die |
| Alexander the Great | created Worlds First Empire |
| Alexander the Great | Greece to Northwest India (territory) |
| 1) Antigoonas Gonatas 2) Ptolemy lagus 3) Seleucus 4) Eumenes | names of the generals that got Alexanders empire |
| Antigonas Gonatas | King in Macedonia |
| Ptolemy Lagus | King in Egypt |
| Seleucus | King of Asia Minor |
| Eumenes | controlled city state of Pergamum |
| Rome | founded in 753 B.C |
| twin brothers Romulus and Remus where found in the forest by a female wolf and was raised by her and grew up to create Rome | legend of Rome |
| Aenaeas | Virgil claimed that Rome was founded by who |
| Rome | modern scholars believe that the meeting place for latin settlements became |
| Etruscans | 600 B.C conquered Rome |
| Etruscans | know little about them just that they were successful in trading and metals |
| Etruscans | 575 - 550 B.C temples and public buildings were built in Rome |
| Capitaline Hill | center of religious district ; Temple of Jupiter |
| Etruscans | influenced romans culture |
| alphabet and toga and arch | Romans borrowed what from Etruscans |
| Early Republic of Rome | 509-133 B.C |
| events of Rome have come down to us in tales (mix of fact and legend) | Roman Historian named Livy said what |
| The Patricians (Nobility) to set up republic | according to legend the ( ) expelled the etruscans out of Rome |
| elective power given to consoles (elected annually from nobility) gave power to a dictator for limited of time | the republic of rome gave |
| Cincinnatus | applied a Dictator of Rome and after war went back to working on his farm |
| Plebeians | who were the commoners called |
| tribunes | the plebeians developed a system called ? which talked to consoles |
| Plebeians | ran the Etruscans out of rome took 10 years |
| celts or Guals | 390 B.C rome was on the raise until ( ) invaded |
| Guals | more interested in luting rome instead of land |
| Guals | Rome offered them money to leave and they did |
| fighting group consisted of 5,000 infantry and 300 mounted | what is the roman legion |
| Pyrrhus | Romans were trying to claim Greek lands and was fighting |
| Pyrrhus won many battles against the romans but in the end they were defeated | win the battle but lost the war |
| 1st Punic War | carthage vs rome |
| the carthages controlled large part of med | what did romans see as a threat during 1st Punic War |
| navy | what did rome need to win the 1st Punic War? |
| Carthegens | after 7 major battles and carthage won 6 of them who wanted peace |
| Romans | who won the 1st Punic War |
| 23 years and lost 200,000 men | how long was the 1st punic war |
| Hannibal | who was the general of the Carthagens during the second Punic War? |
| Hannibal | who learned to lead large armies and range war on a large scale, he also realized the value of swift mobile forces |
| Sagumtom | where did Hannibal lead a large siege to? |
| to block all ways of entering or exiting and then starve them out | what was Hannibals plans for his siege? |
| 40,000 soldiers and 9,000 calvary and 3 African War Elephants | what did hannibal have with him? |
| crossing the alps which cost him half of his men and almost all his elephants | what was Hannibals second strategy? |
| Hannibal | Hannibal did take the romans by surprise and after 3 battles in 3 years who won these battles |
| Scipioabricanus | who studied Hannibals tactics? |
| Scipioabricanus and spain | who reorganized the roman legion and where did they take them |
| North Africa to face Hannibal face to face | after taking all of spain where did Scipioabricanus go? |
| Scipoabricanus | who won the battle between Scipioabricanus and Hannibal? |
| had to sign a peace treaty in 201 B.C was to pay a large amount of money to Rome had to disarm their troops and formally give over Spain | what was required of the Carthagens after Hannibal was deafened |
| Rome dominated all of the West | What was the result of the Second Punic War? |
| Aristocrats | who governed Athens in the 7th century? |
| 7th Century | a lot of small farmers became slaves to nobility |
| and aristocrat who came up with a compromise: which comdemed the leadership ways | who was Solon |
| archon (major) | Solon was elected what by the aristocrats |
| Solon | given great power to reform the city state he began by freeing all slaves who were enslaved for dept. and recalled all exiles and cancelled dept. on lands made enslavement illegal made lower class more apart of gov |
| Pisistratus | rose after Solon who was a tyrant in 560 B.C |
| Pisistratus | not a bad person. was one of the exiled and he banished a lot of aristocrats and distributed there land to the poor |
| Pisistratus | supported the arts and public work which led to the cultural leadership of greeks |
| Cleusthenes | who seized power in 508 B.C. |
| Cleusthenes | had support of the common people instituted reforms which destroyed remaining power of nobility |
| Cleusthenes | created the athenian democracy |
| allowed each one to kept a role in their boundaries | what did the democracy do to athens |
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