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Chapter Six
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Republic | A type of government in which elected officials govern the state |
Patricians | Elected officials form aristocratic families in the Roman Republic |
Plebeians | Non-aristocrats in the Roman Republic |
Veto | Rejection of harmful or unjust laws |
Forum | Central square in Rome |
Constitution | Roman political structure that created new offices and government institutions |
Senate | A body of legislators who acted as advisors, controlled public finances, and handled foreign relations in the Roman Republic |
Consuls | Elected magistrates that replaced the king as chief executives of the state |
Dictator | A ruler who has nearly unlimited power |
Gracchi | Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, who tried to redistribute land to small farmers |
Gaius Marius | A talented general who, as consul, allowed anyone to join the army |
Lucius Cornelius Sulla | A general who became consul in 88 BC and later dictator |
Julius Caesar | Helped end the Republic and became Dictator of Rome in 44 BC |
Triumvirate | The rule of three men |
Augustus | A title of honor given to Octavia in 27 BC, meaning "the revered one" |
Pax Romana | The Roman Peace, which lasted from 27 BC to AD 180 |
Villa | A Roman country home that had conveniences such as running water and baths |
Circus | Racetrack used for chariot racing |
Paterfamilias | The family father, the oldest living male in a family |
Augurs | Priests who specialized in interpreting signs from the gods in natural phenomena |
Galen | Physician whose medical writings established him as the greatest medical authority for centuries |
Ptolemy | Astronomer who said that the earth was the center of the universe |
Aqueducts | Man-made channels used to bring water to cities |
Latin | The language of Rome and root of French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, and Portuguese languages |
Civil Law | System of law based on written codes |
Christianity | A religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth |
Messiah | A spiritual leader who, according to prophecy, would restore the ancient Kingdom of David |
Jesus of Nazareth | A spiritual leader who taught people to seek forgiveness for their sins |
Disciples | Followers |
Apostles | Twelve disciples chosen by Jesus |
Martyrs | People who suffer death for the sake of their faith, inspiring others to believe |
Paul | Jewish apostle who helped spread Christianity in the eastern Mediterranean region, formerly called Saul |
Eucharist | A religious ceremony that commemorated Jesus's last supper |
Bishop | A priestly official who oversaw church affairs in a particular city, had authority over other priests in the region |
Pope | Bishop of Rome |
Inflation | A dramatic rise in prices |
Diocletian | A capable Roman emperor who assumed the throne in 248 and created an absolute monarchy to strengthen the empire |
Attila | The leader of the Huns |