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Lower body muscles
Sieg and Adams pages 80-111
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| origin: long head: ischeal tuberosity short head: linea aspera | Biceps Femoris |
| origin: ischeal tuberosity insertion: posterior tibial condyle | semimembranosus |
| action: extension of hip, flexion of knee, medial rotation of flexed knee | semimembranosus |
| origin: anterior pubis insertion: between lesser trochanter and linea aspera | pectineus |
| origin: medial and lateral epicondyle of femur | gastrocnemius |
| action: plantar flexion | gastrocnemius |
| origin: ischeal tuberosity insertion: anterior proximal (medial) tibial shaft | semitendinosus |
| action: extension of hip, flexion of knee, medial rotation of flexed knee | semitendinosus |
| origin: soleal line of tibia, posterior head of upper tibial shaft | soleus |
| action: plantar flexion of ankle | soleus |
| deep to gastrocnemeus, known as the second heart with gastrocnemeus referred to as "triceps surae" | soleus |
| insertion: pes anserinus (means goose foot) on the medial tibial shaft | sartorius, gracilius, semitendinosus |
| forms the medial border of the femoral triangle | adductor longus |
| the most superficial and medial adductor. Most injured of adductors and the only adductor to cross two joints | gracilis |
| uppermost medial thigh muscle, a transitional muscle considered an extension of the iliopsoas | pectineus |
| found deep to adductor longus | adductor brevis |
| 2 nerves, 2 insertions, 2 origins. Largest and deepest adductor and creates the adductor hiatus. The only adductor to aid hip extension | adductor magnus |
| Most common long bone to be fractured, 2nd largest bone in the body, triangular | tibia |
| Latin for pin, this bone is on the lateral side of the leg | fibula |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| origin: anterior pubis insertion: linea aspera | Adductor longus and adductor brevis |
| origin: lateral epicondoyle of femur insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon | plantaris |
| origin: pubis insertion: medial tibia | gracilis |
| action: adduction of femur. Flexion and medial rotation of flexed knee | gracilis |
| origin: pubis and ischeal tuberosity | adductor magnus |
| origin: tibia and interosseous membrane insertion: base of first metatarsal & first (medial) cuniform on plantar surface | tibialis anterior |
| action: dorsiflexion of ankle and inversion of foot | tibialis anterior |
| origin: anterior calcaeus insertion: extensor of 4 medial toes | extensor digitorum brevis |
| action: aids extension of 4 medial toes at MP joints (metatarsophalangeal) | extensor digitorum brevis |
| origin: FIBULA, inerosseous membrane, and anterior shaft of fibula insertion: distal phalanx of the great toe | extensor hallucis longus |
| action: extension of great toe at IP joint, assists in dorsiflexion of ankle, assists in inversion | extensor hallucis longus |
| origin: fibula (proximal 2/3 anterior shaft and tibia (lateral condoyle) insertion: middle and distal phlanges of 4 LATERAL toes | extensor digitorum longus |
| action: extends 4 lateral toes at MP joint. Assists dorsiflexion of ankle, assists eversion of foot. | extensor digitorum longus |
| compares to extensor pollicis longus in hand assists inversion of foot | extensor hallucis longus |
| the band of tissue that holds tendons in place | retinaculum |
| paralysis of this muscle causes foot drop, shin splints involve this muscle, inverts the foot | tibialis anterior |
| the key that unlocks the knee, the deepest muscle at the back of the knee. It "pops" the lock | popliteus |
| deepest muscle in posterior calf, tendon wraps around the medial malleolus, used in walking on uneven ground | tibialis posterior |
| origin: posterior fibula insertion: distal phalanx of great toe | flexor hallucis longus |
| action: flexion of great toe at IP joint, assists plantar flexion of ankle. | flexor hallucis longus |
| origin: posterior of tibia insertion: distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes | flexor digitorum longus |
| action: FLEXION of 4 lateral toes at DIP joints, assists plantar flexion of ankle, assists inversion | flexor digitorum longus |
| origin: posterior tibia, posterior fibula, interosseous membrane insertion: navicular and adjacent tarsals and metatarsals | tibialis posterior |
| action: inversion of foot, assists in plantar flexioin of ankle | tibialis posterior |
| origin: lateral condoyle of femur insertion: posterior proximal tibial shaft | popliteus |
| action: initiates knee flexion (by medial rotation) | popliteus |
| largest and strongest of deep six lateral rotators of the hip | piriformis |
| formed from three pelvic bones, translation "vinegar cup" | acetabulum |
| largest bone in the pelvis | ilium |
| greek for rump, used mostly for power going up stairs, rising from sitting | gluteus maximus |
| alternate contraction of these muscles occurs in walking, *paralysis on one side is "gluteus medias limp" | gluteus medias |
| connects muscles to bones | tendons |
| connects bone to bone | ligament |
| covers all muscle, ligaments and tendons | fascia |
| this muscle braces the knee when walking also know as iliotibital band (ITB) | tensor faciae latae |
| the only quadricep that crosses two joints | rectus femoris |
| the longest muscle in the body, forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle | sartorius |
| deepest muscle of the back, known as the "hip hiker," chief muscle in low back pain | quadratus lumborum |
| tightness without sciatica= "ballerina butt" this muscle can pinch the sciatic nerve | piriformis |
| the strongest hip flexor | iliopsoas |
| origin: ASIS insertion: upper medial shaft of tibia | sartorius |
| action: assists flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of femur at hip, assists flexion and mecial rotation of knee | sartorius |
| origin: linea aspera on posterior femur insertion: patella to tibial tuberosity | vastus medialis |
| action: extension of knee | vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis |
| origin: linea aspera and greater trochanter insertion: patella to tibial tuberosity | vastus lateralis |
| origin: tibia and interosseous membrane insertion: base of first metatarsal & first (medial) cuniform on plantar surface | tibialis anterior |
| action: dorsiflexion of ankle and inversion of foot | tibialis anterior |
| origin: anterior calcaneus insertion: extensor expansion of 4 medial toes | extensor digitorum brevis |
| action: aids extension of 4 medial toes at MP joints Extensor Hallucis Brevis | extensor digitorum brevis |
| origin: anterior shaft of FIBULA and interosseous membrane insertion: distal phalanx of great toe | extensor hallucis longus |
| action: extension of great to at IP joint assists dorsiflexion of ankle, assists in inversion | extensor hallucis longus |
| origin: fibula (proximal 2/3 anterior shaft and tibia insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes. | extensor digitorum longus |
| action: extends 4 lateral toes at MP joints, assists dorsiflexion of ankle and assists eversion of foot. | extensor digitorum longus |
| a band of tissue that holds tendons in place | retinaculum |
| compares to extensor pollicis longus in hand, assist in inversion | extensor hallucis longus |
| paralysis of this muscle causes foot drop, shin splints involve this muscle, inverts the foot | tibialis anterior |
| the key that unlocks the knee, it "pops the lock," deepest muscle at the back of the knee. | popliteus |
| deepest muscle in the posterior calf, tendon wraps around your medial malleolus, used in walking on uneven ground | tibialis posterior |
| origin: posterior fibula insertion: distal phalanx of great toe | flexor hallucis longus |
| action: flexion of great toe at IP joint, assists plantar flexion of ankle | flexor hallucis longus |
| origin: lateral condoyle of femur insertion:posterior proximal tibial shaft | popliteus |
| action: initiates knee flexion (by medial rotation) | popliteus |
| origin: posterior tibia, posterior fibula, interosseous memebrane insertion: navicular and adjacent tarsals and metatarsals | tibialis posterior |
| action: inversion of foot, assists in plantar flexion of ankle | tibialis posterior |
| origin: posterior of tibia insertion: distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes | flexor digitorum longus |
| action: flexion of 4 lateral toes at DIP joints, assists plantar flexion of ankle, assists inversion | flexor digitorum longus |
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