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Chapter Four
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subcontinent | A large landmass that is part of a continent but is considered an independent entity either geographically or politically. |
| Monsoons | Seasonal winds in India. |
| Citadel | A fortress. |
| Vedas | Sacred writings of the Indo-Aryans. |
| Rajas | Leaders of ancient cities in India. |
| Varnas | The four social classes in Vedic society. |
| Castes | Social classes in the ancient Indian class system. |
| Hinduism | The largest religion in India; Hindus believe that everything in the world is a power of Brahman, the single great universal being; they also believe in reincarnation and strive to break free from the cycle of rebirth. |
| Reincarnation | The belief that after one dies, the soul is reborn into a different form. |
| Karma | In Hinduism, the totality of a person's good and bad deeds and the way in which they affect that individual's fate in the afterlife. |
| Moksha | In Hinduism, the escape from the cycle of rebirth. |
| Dharma | In Hinduism, the religious and moral duties of an individual. |
| Yoga | A series of physical and mental exercises that teaches people how to focus their bodies and minds. |
| Jainism | A religion of India, founded about the same time as Buddhism (500 BC) and in reaction to some Hindu practices; believers renounce worldly things, embrace self-discipline, and practice non-violence. |
| Ahimsa | In Jainism, nonviolence and respect for all living things. |
| Buddhism | The religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, which teaches the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path. |
| Buddha | Founder of Buddhism; translated as Enlightened One. |
| Four Noble Truths | Beliefs described by Buddha that explain the connections between life, desire, and suffering. |
| Eightfold Path | The way to find the Middle Way: right view, attitude, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. |
| Nirvana | A state of peaceful existence free from suffering. |
| Middle Way | A life lived in moderation, avoiding extremes of comfort and discomfort in the search for enlightenment. |
| Loses | A fine dusty soil carried into China by desert winds. |
| Court | Gathering of wealthy nobles. |
| Oracle Bones | Inscribed bits of animal bones or turtle shell that were used to seek advice from dead ancestors. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Principal stating that the gods would support a just ruler, but they would now allow anyone corrupt to hold power. |
| Dynastic Cycle | The rise and fall of dynasties. |
| Confucianism | Philosophy that stresses treating others humanely, practicing traditional rituals, and honoring one's ancestors. |
| Daoism | Philosophy that teaches that harmony is found by finding one's place in nature. |
Created by:
annaperrell
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