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Chp. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| subcontinent | a large landmass that is part of a continent |
| monsoons | seasonal winds that bring heavy rains and warm air or cool, dry air |
| citadel | fortress |
| Vedas | sacred writings about Aryan history and society |
| rajas | regional leaders in Vedic society who protected a group of villages |
| varnas | social classes that divided Vedic society into four groups |
| castes | divisions of varnas that determined what jobs one could hold and whom a person could marry |
| Hinduism | one of the worlds oldest religion, practiced by most people in India today |
| reincarnation | Hindu belief that the atman(soul) will be released from the body after death and later reborn in another; also called samsara |
| karma | the sum effect of a person's deeds and actions during life |
| moksha | escape from the cycle of rebirth, considered by Hindus to be ultimate goal of human existence |
| dharma | set of spiritual duties and obligations for Hindus |
| yoga | a series of physical and mental exercises that aid meditation |
| Jainism | religion founded by Hindus who broke away because they believed moksha could be achieved through giving up worldly goods and controlling one's action |
| ahimsa | nonviolence; idea that is central to Jain teaching |
| Buddhism | religion whose followers seek enlightenment and an end to human suffering |
| Buddha | founder of Buddhism; translated as Enlighten One |
| Four noble Truths | beliefs described by Buddha that explain the connections between life, desire, and suffering |
| Eightfold Path | the way to find the Middle way: right view, attitude, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration |
| nirvana | a state of peaceful existence free from suffering |
| middle way | a life lived in moderation, avoiding extremes of comfort and discomfort in the search for enlightenment |
| loess | a fine dusty soil carried into China by desert winds |
| court | gathering of wealthy nobles |
| oracle bones | inscribed bits of animal bones or turtle shell that were used to seek advice from dead ancestors |
| Mandate of Heaven | principle stating that the gods would support a just ruler, but they would not allow anyone corrupt to hold power |
| dynastic cycle | the rise and fall of dynasties |
| Daoism | philosophy that teaches that harmony is found by finding one's place in nature |
| Confucianism | philosophy that stresses treating others humanely , practicing traditional rituals and honoring ones ancestors |
Created by:
emelygaleano
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