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Chapter 2 First Civ
AP World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mesopotamia | the land between rivers in S.W.Asia |
| Nile River | stable flooding provided reliable food source, wealth and beliefs in an afterlife that produced monumental building |
| Indus River Valley | civilization with indoor plumbing, grid pattern, and Hindu beliefs |
| desertification | the degrading of grasslands and soils from overgrazing and over-farming |
| deforestation | the clearing of large swaths of timber through slash n burn farming or extensive logging to provide building materials |
| loess | nutrient rich deposits in the soil from river flooding |
| Mesoamerica | site of advanced Olmec civilization |
| ziggurats | Sumerian temples that served as centers of religious rituals and as storehouses for grain |
| ten commandments | the moral law Moses brought to the Hebrews |
| Jewish Diaspora | the expulsion of Hebrews from Palestine by Babylonians, then later Romans to Europe, Asia, & Africa |
| mummification | the embalming of Egyptian nobility & royalty to prepare for the afterlife |
| Vedas/Vedic Age | collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs that describe the conflict with the native Dravidian peoples |
| dharma | the Hindu term for the responsibility of believers to fulfill one's natural born duty in life, regardless of morality |
| karma | the Hindu term for the accumulation of good or bad fortune based on faithfully following one's dharma |
| moksha | the point of reaching union with the universal soul, or Brahma |
| ancestor veneration | the belief that one should |
| scribes | scholars who created writing systems like Cuneiform, and kept records of economic activity and history/myths of society |
| epic of Gilgamesh | oldest written story that tells of the values of leaders in Sumerian society |
| alphabetic script | Phoenician system of writing in which symbols represent sounds of speech |
| papyrus | plant whos fibers were mashed & used to create paper in Egyptian civilization |
| Indo-European | nomadic group from Central Asia who settled and dominated the Indus Valley, establishing a Caste System over darker-skinned natives |
| Sanskrit | Indo-European language of the Aryan people who migrated into India |
| Upanishads | the collection of religious thoughts that became the foundation of Hinduism |
| pictographs/glyphs | written system in which graphic symbols represent an idea, concept, or object, not a sound |
| feudalism | a decentralized system of regional rulers owing loyalty to an emperor in exchange of military defense networks |
| Kush | African kingdom that conquered Egypt and adopted its culture |
| Axum | trading empire in the Red Sea who converted to Christianity |
| Chavin Civilization | Andean Civilization that created an empire based on trade and tribute system |
| Olmec | Mesoamerican civilization that constructed large head monuments and worshipped jaguars & feathered serpents |
| aboriginal | natives of Australia how remained hunter-gatherers |
| Hammurabi | Babylonian king who established a law code to unify his empire |
| Mandate of Heaven | the belief that rule was bestowed upon by the gods as long as the rulers were just and moral |
Created by:
wm0397
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