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Human Prehistory

Neolithic Revolution, Civilization, River Valley Civilization

QuestionAnswer
This Neolithic invention moved humans toward the more elaborate social and cultural patterns recognizable today. Agriculture - the deliberate planting of grains for a later harvest.
Explain the major reason why agriculture changed social patterns. People settled in one spot, rather than being nomadic. This allowed people to focus on economic, political, and religious goals.
Name the disadvantages to the farming way of life. (1) There was more work. <br>(2) The settled, non-nomadic life encouraged the spread of disease.
Name the advantages to the farming way of life. (1) Agriculture supports bigger populations. <br>(2) With better supplies and settled existence, people can build houses and villages. <br>(3) Agriculture leads to diversity: greater wealth and larger populations freed some people for other tasks.
Agriculture during the Neolithic era (Stone Age) helped usher in this next time period, known by its metal tools. Bronze Age.
Explain slash and burn agriculture. Slash and burn agriculture was a system in which people would burn all the trees in an area, farm intensely for a few years, and then move on when the soil was depleted.
Name the two needs of farmers which led to the development of villages. Irrigation (so civilizations developed alongside rivers) and defense.
Define "civilization." A society organized with cities, writing, and a formal social structure.
Name the first Mesopotamian civilization, what rivers it grew up near, and when it first appeared. (1) FIRST CIVILIZATION: Sumerian <br>(2) RIVERS: Tigris and Euphrates <br>(3) APPEARED IN: 3500 B.C.
Explain the design and purpose of the ziggurat. Ziggurats were towers serving as religious temples for the Sumerian polytheistic religion.
Describe the Sumerian political structure. Each political unit was a city-state, headed by a king. The government regulated religion and provided a court system. The king led the military. Slaves (captured in war) did most of the work.
Name the empire which conquered and then succeeded the Sumerians in Mesopotamia. Akkadians (Akkad).
Name the empire which conquered and then succeeded the Akkadians in Mesopotamia. Babylonians (of which Hammurabi--of Hammurabi's code--is one).
Name the time when and the river by which the Egyptian civilization (influenced by the Mesopotamian civilizations) began. Nile River, in 3000 B.C.
There was a major civilization which grew up on the Indian subcontinent (modern day India and Pakistan). Name the time and the river by which the civilization began. The Indus River Valley civilization grew up by the Indus River (obviously) around 2500 B.C.
Name the time when and the river by which the Chinese civilization began. The Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River (Huang He) around 2800 B.C.
Name any three contributions by these river civilizations. the wheel <br>the domestication of the horse <br>the alphabet <br>the writing utensil <br>math concepts (e.g. square root) <br>well-organized government <br>basic time-tracking devices (e.g. calendars)
The great Mesopotamian civilizations impacted smaller cultures like the Phoenicians. Name the major contribution of the Phoenicians. Their 22-letter alphabet (1300 B.C.), the basis for the Greek and the Latin alphabets.
The great Mesopotamian civilizations impacted smaller cultures like the Jews. Name the major contribution of the Jews. Monotheism. Early religions both before and after civilization began were polytheistic.
Besides the number of gods, Jewish monotheism had one fundamental (and lasting) difference when compared to polytheism. Explain it. The gods of polytheistic religions, in any civilization, were whimsical and made mistakes; people never knew what to expect. The Jewish Jehovah was consistent in order and justice; people knew exactly what would happen if they acted certain ways.
Created by: dchen.stu
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