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SD CH Flashcards
terms for Church History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Incarnation | the doctrine that states that the second person of the trinity became man to save us |
| 2. Acts of the Apostles | book of the NewTestament that shows the early Church in action |
| 3. Pentecost | birthday of the Church; Holy Spirit came on this day |
| 4. ekklesia | Greek for assembly or church |
| 5. Day of Pardon | Pope John Paul II publicly asked for forgiveness for all the sins committed by Catholics over the past 2000 years – including treatment of Jews, heretics, women, and native peoples |
| 6. CSHIPS | a good, thorough definition of church includes these 6 ideas:Community, Servant, Herald, Institution, Pilgrim, Sacrament |
| 7. ecumenical council | refers to all the bishops gathering together/ there have been 21 |
| 8. papacy | refers to the office of the pope |
| 9. synod | refers to bishops in one area gathering together |
| 10. canon law | church law |
| 11. hierarchy | leadership in the church |
| 12. collegiality | bishops working together with the pope |
| 13. laity | members of the church who do not belong to religious orders or ordained ministry |
| 14. ecumenism | means the work Or effort to reunite Christians (restore unity); John XXIII’s last words (“That they may all be one.”) related to ecumenism |
| 15. schism | a split in the Church; there was a major one in 1054 and in 1517 |
| 16. Christianity 3 main groups | Catholics, Orthodox, Protestants |
| 17. aggiornamento | to update, modernize (Italian word used by John XXIII during Vatican II) |
| 18. canonization | process of recognizing someone as being in heaven/being a saint |
| 19. martyr | means witness (literally): a witness to the truths of the faith |
| 20. deacons | men who assist the priest; this order is older than presbyter (priest); Stephen was one of the first 7 |
| 21. gentile | a non-Jew; Paul’s preaching helped bring these people to Christianity |
| 22. Council of Jerusalem | 1st century council that said that gentile Christians did not have to follow Jewish practices/laws |
| 23. catholic | means universal |
| 24. apology | a person’s defense/explanation of the faith |
| 25. apologist | a person who defends/explains her/his beliefs |
| 26. Edict of Milan | Constantine’s declaration legalizing all religions in 313 A.D. |
| 27. chi rho | a symbol made from first 2 letters for the Greek spelling of Christ |
| 28. orthodox | means correct, true or right teaching; name that the churches who split in 1054 took |
| 29. heresy | false teaching;conflicts with official teaching |
| 30. creed | a statement of beliefs |
| 31. Arianism | heresy denying that Jesus is truly God; Nicene Creed written in response (300’s) |
| 32. Council of Nicaea | first ecumenical council, called by Constantine in 325 to fight Arianism |
| 33. Nicene Creed | statement of beliefs written at Nicaea (325)and finished at Constantinople (381) |
| 34. Council of Constantinople | 2nd ecumenical council that completed the Nicene Creed adding the section on the Holy Spirit in 381 |
| 35. marks of the Church | One, holy, catholic, apostolic (mentioned in the Nicene-Constantinople Creed) |
| 36. Hagia Sophia | built as a church in Constantinople, now a museum;means Holy Wisdom |
| 37. Fathers of the Church | Christian leaders (men) in the first 6 centuries who formulated Christian doctrine and practices |
| 38. Doctors of the Church | persons whose religious writings have greatly influenced others (lived any time; includes women) |
| 39. monasticism | this has two styles: communal and hermit, to get people close to God |
| 40. ora et labora | Benedict’s motto for monks; means pray and work |
| 41. Papal states | section of central Italy given by Pepin to the pope to rule who ruled it until 1870 |
| 42. Christendom | name used during the Middle Ages to show the dominance of Christianity in Western Europe |
| 43. College of Cardinals | main job is to elect the pope |
| 44. conclave | meeting of cardinals to elect the pope |
| 45. lay investiture | practice of lay rulers appointing church leaders |
| 46. simony | buying a church office with money |
| 47. excommunication | means to be removed from the Church community; e.g., for teaching heresy |
| 48. interdict | sacraments can not be celebrated in a certain area or by certain people; used to control people |
| 49. concordat | an agreement between the pope and a country’s leader |
| 50. Eastern Schism or East/West Schism | official separation in 1054 of the Eastern Christian church from the Western church |
| 51. Eastern Orthodox Churches | Christian churches with origins in the Eastern Roman Empire who do not accept the pope |
| 52. filioque | Latin word meaning “and the Son” added to the Nicene Creed, but not by a council |
| 53. rite | the way worship happens/ the way the mass and sacraments are celebrated; the Catholic church has one rite called western or Roman or Latin rite and has 20+ Eastern rites |
| 54. icon | literally means image; painting used mostly in Eastern Christianity; uses a set style |
| 55. Eastern Rite Catholic Churches | Christian churches who accept the pope’s authority; these churches began in the Eastern Roman Empire in the first centuries and do not use the Latin rite |
| 56. stigmata | a person who displays wounds similar to the wounds of Christ is said to have this |
| 57. cathedral | from the Latin “cathedra” meaning chair; a church that houses the bishop’s chair |
| 58. Romanesque | style of architecture using rounded arches, thick walls, and few windows |
| 59. Gothic | style of architecture allowing for thin high walls, pointed arches, stain glass windows,flying buttresses |
| 60. mendicant | literally means “begging” b/c religious members depend on the charity of the people; refers to religious orders who lived among the people, not in monasteries |
| 61. O.P. | abbreviation for Order of Preachers, the order founded by St. Dominic |
| 62. Summa Theologica | St. Thomas Aquinas wrote this examination of Christian theology based on reason and faith |
| 63. O.F.M. | abbreviation for Order of Friars Minor (the religious order also known as the Franciscans); friars |
| 64. crusade | a fight to regain control of the Holy Land or to defend the faith against heretics |
| 65. tribunal | a church court dealing with such matters as annulments |
| 66. inquisition | a church court used to try people accused of being heretics; known for abuses such as putting innocent people to death |
| 67. Black Death | popular name for the bubonic plague which killed many mendicants in last half of 1300’s. |
| 68. Great Western Schism | period from 1378-1417 during which 2 then 3 men claimed to be pope |
| 69. conciliarism | belief that councils have greater authority than the pope |
| 70. nationalism | means love of country (sometimes even over love of church) |
| 71. Reformation | 16th cn. events that resulted in the division of Western Christianity into Catholic & Protestant |
| 72. indulgences | removal of part or all of punishment due to sins already forgiven; Martin Luther had a problem with the Catholic use of indulgences |
| 73. 2 sources of Catholic beliefs | what Catholics believe is based on scripture and on tradition |
| 74. tradition | faith ideas not in the bible handed down since the time of the apostles |
| 75. sola scriptura | Protestant belief that the bible is the sole source of religious truth |
| 76. 95 Theses (thesis means statement) | 95 statements Martin Luther may have tacked on the cathedral door in Wittenberg, Germany |
| 77. Council of Trent | 19th ecumenical council in second half of the 1500’s; clarified Catholic doctrine in response to the Protestant Reformation |
| 78. S.J. | abbreviation for Society of Jesus (Jesuits); founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola in the 1500’s |
| 79. Blackrobes | name given by northern Native Americans to the Jesuits |
| 80. Jansensim | heresy that said only very holy people could receive communion; affected modern world Catholics reception of communion |
| 81. infallibility | the pope’s being free from error in religious matters: when speaking about faith and morals; was defined at Vatican I (1869) and is considered to be a gift to the Church (pope especially) from Christ |
| 82. encyclical | this is a letter from the pope to all Catholics (sometimes all Christians) |
| 83. Rerum Novarum | an encyclical by Pope Leo XIII in 1891 that spoke out on the problems of Industrialization, esp. workers’ rights |
Created by:
dbrune
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