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chap 12
Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adnexa | Accessory parts of a structure |
| atresia | Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina |
| choriocarcinoma | Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy |
| contraceptive diaphragm | Contraceptive device consisting of a hemisphere of thin rubber bonded to a flexible ring; inserted into the vagina together with spermicidal jelly or cream up to 2 hours before coitus so that spermatozoa cannot enter the uterus, thus preventing conception |
| corpus luteum | Ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a follicle during ovulation and becomes a small yellow body that produces progesterone after ovulation |
| dyspareunia | Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse |
| endocervicitis | Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri |
| fibroids | Benign uterine tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue; also called leiomyomas (myomas) and fibromyomata uteri |
| infertility | Inability or diminished ability to produce offspring |
| hormonal contraception | Use of hormones to suppress ovulation and prevent conception |
| oral contraceptive pills | Birth control pills containing estrogen and progesterone in varying proportions |
| menarche | Beginning of menstrual function |
| oligomenorrhea | Scanty or infrequent menstrual flow |
| perineum | Region between the vulva and anus that constitutes the pelvic floor |
| puberty | Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained |
| pyosalpinx | Pus in the fallopian tube |
| retroversion | Turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position |
| sterility | Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female |
| vaginismus | Painful spasm of the vagina from contraction of its surrounding muscles |
| viable | Capable of sustaining life; denotes a fetus sufficiently developed to live outside of the uterus |
| abortion | Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus |
| abruptio placentae | Premature separation of a normally situated placenta |
| amnion | Membrane, continuous with and covering the fetal side of the placenta, that forms the outer surface of the umbilical cord |
| breech presentation | Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head |
| Down syndrome, trisomy 21 | Congenital condition characterized by physical malformations and some degree of mental retardation |
| dystocia | Difficult labor, which may be produced by the large size of the fetus or the small size of the pelvic outlet |
| eclampsia | Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy |
| ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity, such as a fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen, or even the cervix uteri |
| gravida | Pregnant woman |
| multigravida | Woman who has been pregnant more than once |
| multipara | Woman who has delivered more than one viable infant |
| para | Woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants |
| parturition | Process of giving birth |
| pelvimetry | Measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis during the delivery process |
| placenta previa | Condition in which the placenta is attached near the cervix and ruptures prematurely, with spotting as the early symptom |
| primigravida | Woman pregnant for the first time |
| primipara | Woman who has given birth to one viable infant, her first child, indicated by the notation para I on the patient’s chart |
| puerperium | Period of 42 days after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta and membranes, during which the reproductive organs usually return to normal |
| amniocentesis | Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid |
| insufflation | Delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication |
| tubal | Test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide; also called Rubin test |
| colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope) |
| laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects |
| endometrial biopsy | Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study |
| Papanicolaou (Pap) test | Cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination |
| mammography | Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer |
| hysterosalpingography | Radiography of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium |
| ultrasonography (US) | Process by which high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) produce and display an image from reflected “echoes” on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo |
| pelvic | US of the pelvic region used to evaluate abnormalities in the female reproductive system as well as the fetus in the obstetric patient |
| transvaginal | US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis |
| breast implant revision | Surgery designed to correct an unsuccessful procedure that has created a cosmetic problem or poses a health risk |
| cerclage | Suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion. The sutures are removed prior to delivery |
| cesarean birth | Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called C-section |
| colpocleisis | Surgical closure of the vaginal canal |
| conization | Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination |
| cordocentesis | Sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance |
| cryosurgery | Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery |
| dilatation and curettage (D&C) | Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette |
| episiorrhaphy | Repair of a lacerated vulva or an episiotomy |
| episiotomy | Incision of the perineum from the vaginal orifice usually done to prevent tearing of the tissue and to facilitate childbirth |
| hysterectomy | Excision of the uterus |
| subtotal | Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain |
| total | Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy |
| total plus bilateral salpingooophorectomy | Total (complete) hysterectomy, including uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries |
| intrauterine device | Plastic or metal object placed inside the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine lining |
| lumpectomy | Excision of a small primary breast tumor (a “lump”) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it |
| mammoplasty | Surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position |
| augmentation | Breast enlargement to increase breast size or to replace one that has been surgically removed |
| reduction | Breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast |
| mastectomy | Excision of the entire breast |
| total (simple) | Excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simple mastectomy |
| modified radical | Excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) |
| radical | Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast |
| myomectomy | Excision of a myomatous tumor, generally uterine |
| reconstructive breast surgery | Reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease |
| tissue (skin) expansion | Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant |
| transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap | Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen which is passed under the skin to the breast area. The abdominal tissue (flap) is shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place |
| salpingo-oophorectomy | Excision of an ovary and fallopian tube |
| tubal ligation | Procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy |
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Esuvill0
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