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NUHS 2
NECK
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the unique axial skeleton bone? | hyoid bone |
| Where is the hyoid bone located? | on the anterior neck between the styloid processes |
| Does the hyoid bone articulate with any other bone? | no |
| What is the hyoid bone held in place by? | muscles & ligaments |
| PLEASE REVIEW VERTEBRAL COLUMN | ESPECIALLY CERVIAL VERTRBRAE |
| What is the pharynx? Describe the pharynx. | throat; a tube that begins superiorly @ the internal nasal nares (conchae: two openings from the nose to the pharynx), and ends @ the larynx (voice box) |
| How many different parts make up the pharynx? | 3 |
| Name the 3 different parts of the pharynx. | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| Describe nasopharynx. | begins @ internal nares, ends @ soft palate, eustachian tubes (auditory tubes) & pharyngeal tonsil found here, usually only air travels here |
| Describe oropharynx. | begins @ soft palate & ends inferiorly @ hyoid bone, transports both air & food substances |
| Describe laryngopharynx. | begins @ the level of the hyoid bone & ends @ the larynx, opens into larynx & esophagus |
| What is the larynx? | the voice box |
| What does the larynx consist of? | a ring of cartilage & muscles |
| What is the thyroid cartilage also known as? | Adam's apple |
| What is the thyroid cartilage made of? | two fused plates of hyaline cartilage |
| What sits just posteriorly to the tongue? | the epiglottis |
| What does the epiglottis do as we swallow? | slams shut keeping food & fluid out of the lungs |
| What is just inferior to the larynx & anterior to the esophagus? | the trachea (windpipe) |
| What does the trachea consists of? | 16-20 C-shaped cartilage rings |
| What do the trachea cartilage rings allow? | the airway to remain open |
| Name muscles of the neck. | digratric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes |
| Describe the digrastic. | one belly comes from the temporal bone & the other from the inner side of the anterior mandible; both bellies attach to the hyoid via an INTERMEDIATE TENDON |
| What is the action of the digastric? | elevates the hyoid, depresses the mandible (opens the mouth) |
| Describe the stylohyoid. | travels from the styloid process to the hyoid bone, muscle belly will usually split & wrap around the INTERMEDIATE TENDON of the digastric muscle |
| What is the action of the stylohyoid? | elevates the hyoid bone & pulls it posteriorly |
| Describe the mylohyoid. | runs from the inner surface of the mandible to the hyoid bone |
| What is the action of the mylohyoid? | elevates the hyoid & depresses the mandible |
| Describe the geniohyoid. | runs from the inner surface of the mandible to the hyoid bone |
| What is the action of the geniohyoid? | elevates they hyoid, draws hyoid & tongue anteriorly, depresses the mandible |
| Describe the omohyoid. | has an origin on the superior border of the scapula & inserts on the hyoid bone, has 2 bellies seperated by an INTERMEDIATE TENDON (superior & inferior) |
| Describe the sternohyoid. | runs from the proximal border of the clavicle to the hyoid bone |
| What is the action of the sternohyoid? | depresses the hyoid |
| Describe the sternothyroid. | runs form the manubrium (top of sternum) to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx |
| What is the action of the sternothyroid? | depresses the thyroid cartilage |
| Describe the thyrohyoid. | O: on the thyroid cartilage of the larynx; I: on the hyoid bone |
| What is the action of the thyrohyoid? | elevates the thyroid cartilage & depresses the hyoid |
| Describe the sternocleidomastoid. | O: sternum & clavicle; I: mastoid process |
| What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid? | B/L contraction causes neck flexion, head extension, sternal elevation; U/L contraction causes ipsilateral lateral flexion & contralateral rotation |
| What muscle in the neck has 3 parts? | scalenes |
| What are the 3 parts of the scalenes? | anterior, middle, & posterior |
| Describe scalenes. | O: TP of cervical vertebrae (C2-C6); I: anterior & middle- 1st ribs; posterior-2nd rib |
| What is the action of the scalenes? | B/L contraction flexes the neck, helps elevates the ribs; U/L contraction causes lateral neck flexion & contralateral rotation |
| Name other important structures. | carotid artieries, jugular veins, subclavian arteries, brachial plexus |
| Describe common carotid arterties. | 2 common carotid arteries that travel superiorly deep to the SCM & just lateral to the sternothyroid muscle, each common carotid artery will brand into an internal & external carotid artery |
| Describe jugular veins. | internal jugular vein runs just lateral to the common carotid artery & is usually found in the same facial sheath |
| Describe subclavian arteries. | right & left subclavian arteries are responsible for perfusion of the upper extremitites |
| Describe brachial plexus. | brachial plexus is a group of nerves from C5-T1 that innervate the upper extremities |
| What is thoracic outlet syndrom caused by? (TOS) | nerve/artery compression between the anterior & middle scalene muscles |
| What are symptoms of TOS? | numbness & tingling in the upper extremity, weakness, and pain |
Created by:
mselwinc
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