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Ch 6 Reference
Anatomical Position and Terms of Reference
| Position/Term of Reference | Meaning |
|---|---|
| coronal or frontal plane | body plane; vertical division of body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions |
| sagittal plane | body plane; vertical division of body into right and left portions |
| transverse plane | body plane; horizontal division of body into upper and lower portions |
| anterior (A) (ventral) | directional term; front of the body |
| posterior (P) (dorsal) | directional term; back of the body |
| anterior-posterior (AP) | directional term; from front to back; commonly associated with the direction of an x-ray beam |
| posterior-anterior (PA) | from back to front; commonly associated with the direction of an x-ray beam |
| superior (cephalic) | directional term; situated above another structure, toward the head |
| inferior (caudal) | directional term; situated below another structure, away from the head |
| proximal | directional term; toward the beginning or origin of a structure |
| distal | directional term; away from the beginning or origin of a structure |
| medial | directional term; toward the middle (midline) |
| lateral | directional term; toward the side |
| axis | directional term; line that runs through the center of the body or a body part |
| erect | body position; normal standing position |
| lateral decubitus | body position; to lie down; lying on the side |
| prone | body position; lying face down and flat |
| recumbent | body position; lying down |
| supine | body position; horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back - "on the spine" |
| flexion | body movement; bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased |
| extension | body movement; straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased |
| abduction | body movement; movement away from the body |
| adduction | body movement; movement toward the body |
| rotation | body movement; circular movement around an axis |
| eversion | body movement; turning outward |
| inversion | body movement; turning inward |
| supination | body movement; turning upward or forwardof the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) |
| pronation | body movement; turning downward or backward of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) |
| dorsiflexion | body movement; bending of the foot or the toes upward |
| plantar flexion | body movement; bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
| range of motion (ROM) | body movement; total amount of motion in a joint, described by the terms related to body movement (e.g., the elbow flexes to 140 degrees) |
| >>goniometer | instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio=angle); to measure ROM |
Created by:
mascat
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